Composition and Seperations Essay Example for Free

Composition and Seperations EssayWhen a kernel of popcorn is heated, pressure builds and, depending on the percent of water in the kernel, the kernel pops open and popcorn is produced. The part of water in each kernel differs between brands of popcorn. If the steam produced fails to pop the kernel, the kernel becomes hard and burns. The purpose of Part 1, popcorn Composition, of the Composition and Separations lab was to determine whether premium popcorn brands display desirable qualities when measured and discriminated with cheaper brands of popcorn. The experimental relevance of Part 1 of the experiment was to demonstrate the effects of water in a popcorn kernel when heated and converted to heat.Differences in water percentage determine whether or not the kernel depart burst and form popcorn. In Part 2, Separating a Solid Mixture, the purpose was to work with supplies in the lab to interrupt a unattackable mixture of popcorn, backbone, salt and atomic number 26 filin gs into the four separate instalments to eventually learn the percent composition of the solid mixture. By developing a plan to separate the mixture, the group should have cease up with four separate items with fishings that added up to the airplane pilot weight of the mixture. The experimental relevance of Part 2 of the experiment was to learn how to separate each component in a four part solid mixture from each other.ProcedureIn part 1 of this weeks lab leash popcorn kernels of a one brand were given to each group. A Bunsen burner was set up by each group and the trinity kernels were each weighed separately on an electric balance. The Bunsen burner was then lit following the instructions given. (ch185) A 100mL beakerwas obtained and filled with a half inch of clean sand. The beaker was pose on a ring stand and one kernel of popcorn was submerged into the sand. The beaker was then coered with a watch glass and heated over the Bunsen burner until the kernel popped. After popp ing, the kernel was removed and weighed and the wet content was measured. This procedure occurred for all three kernels. After the wet content of all three kernels were measured, an average was deduced for the three and written on the board. Each of the other four groups also wrote their averages for their individual brand on the board to give the class a better understanding of the differences in wet content for each of the five brands. In part 2 of this weeks lab, a 50mL beaker was filled with a solid mixture consisting of popcorn, sand, salt and urge on filings.The group then got the mass of the entire mixture and began sketching a plan to separate the mixture properly into its original four contents. First the group separated the popcorn from the mixture by using a drainer. The popcorn was then weighed. Second, the iron filings were separated using a magnet after pouring the remaining mixture onto a piece of paper. After the magnet collected all iron, the iron was scraped into a beaker and the weight was recorded. The trio and concluding separation used a beaker and a filter paper. The filter paper was weighed and put into a filter that spilt into the beaker. The remaining salt/sand mixture was then poured into the filter paper using water to dissolve the salt.After the solution was put into the filter paper and the salt had dissolved, the filter paper and sand was dried and then weighed. After subtracting the filter paper weight from the weight of the filter paper and sand together, the weight of the sand was known. Once you had the weight of the sand, iron and popcorn, the weight of the salt was found by subtracting the three combined weights from the original weight of the mixture. To occur the percent composition of each component, the weight of each was carve up by 100 and, in the end, each components percent added up to 100% of the initial mixture. Results/ Data/ CalculationsPart 1Each group determined the moisture percentage of their brand of p opcorn. Table 1 shows the moisture content of each brand. Table 1 wet Percentage of Popcorn BrandsGroup Number Popcorn Brand Used Percent Moisture1 Act III 6.24 %2 Food Club 8.35 %3 Jolly Time 12.2 %4 Orville Redenbacher 7.47 %5 Pop Perfect 6.22 %Jolly Time popcorn was measured for weight and the moisture content was then measured. Table 2 shows the initial weights, final weights, moisture contents and percent moistures of each of the three trials performed. Table 2 Moisture Percentage by Weight of Jolly Time Popcorn Kernels Kernel sign Weight (g) Final Weight (g) Moisture Content % Moisture 1 0.105 g 0.086 g 0.019 g 17.8 %2 0.138 g 0.140 g -0.003 g -1.89 %3 0.113 g 0.106 g 0.007 g 6.55 %AVERAGE 0.109 g 0.096 g 0.013 g 12.2 % experiment CalculationsFind weight= (cupcake holder + kernel cupcake holder)= (.263 g .177 g)= 0.086 gMoisture Content= Initial weight final weight= 0.105 g 0.086 g= 0.019 g% Moisture= Moisture content x 100Initial weight of kernel= 0.019 g = 17.8%0.105 gA verage % moisture = 17.8 + 6.55 = 12.2%2Part 2The weight and eventually percentage composition was measure in a mixture of corn, iron, sand and salt and then with each component individually. Table 3 shows the weight and % compositions.Table 3 Percent composition of Mixture literal Weight (g) % CompositionFull Mix 42.2 g 100 %Corn 3.26 g 7.79 %Iron 19.0 g 45.0 %Sand 15.7 g 32.5 %Salt 6.25 g 14.8 %Sample CalculationsPercent CompositionInitial Weight x100Total Mixture WeightBeaker with nothing 59. 95 gBeaker with mix 102.1 gW/ Mix102.1 gW/O Mix 59.95g42.98 gDiscussionThe experiment in part 1 was done to show that even slight differences in moisture content in popcorn make a big difference when it comes to the popcorns popping abilities. Before the experiment, the moisture content and its effect on popcorn were unknown. After the experiment each group left with the knowledge of moisture content in both preferred brands and cheap brands of popcorn. This experiment gave sharpness into the importance of exactness for popcorn companies pertaining to the moisture content in each kernel. The experiment in part 2 was performed to show that most solid mixtures earth-closet be separated if using the right tools. Each group had to propose a solution to separating the mixture and then weighing each of the four components after to conclude if they added up to the initial weight of the solid mixture.This experiment allowed students to use their brains to separate any solid mixture that they come in contact with, which will be helpful for the future in this lab and others. Throughout the two parts of this experiment several specific errors were found and dealt with. In part 1 of this experiment several popcorn kernels were burnt and did not pop. These kernels may have chance uponed our experiment by giving us false data, as we did not include these kernels in any final data.With burnt popcorn kernels, we were shown that the moisture content in the popcorn brand given may h ave resulted in one of the cheap brands given. In part 2 of our experiment, the initial weight was supposed to be taken before separating any part of the mixture. Unfortunately, the initial weight was skipped before the popcorn was separated. The popcorn then had to be put back into the mixture and the mixture was then weighed for the initial weight. This may have affected the final data, although it was a small error. In part 2 another error occurred when the group began to separate the salt and sand in an incorrect manner. This, however, did not affect final data, as the salt would have been eliminated anyway.ConclusionsThe goals in this experiment for part 1 were to determine the moisture content in a brand of popcorn, compare the given brand with others in the lab and then find out if moisture content affects the popping or corn and which brand or brands has a better likelihood of popping (i.e. preferred vs. cheap brands). In part 2 of the experiment the goals were to separate a solid mixture and then find the percent composition of each of the four materials within the mixture. The average moisture percentage for Jolly Time popcorn was 12.2 %. To get to this point, the group popped three separate kernels and found the moisture percentage for each and then averaged them. The percent composition for part 2 of the solid mixture was 7.79 % for corn, 45.0 % for iron, 32.5 % for sand and 14.8% for salt. These measurements added up to the 100% solid mixture and the weights added up correctly.ReferencesCh185. How to Light and Adjust a Bunsen Burner. http//ch185.semo.edu/labsafe/bunsen.html (accessed Feb 12, 2013). Composition and Separations. http//linus.chem.ku.edu/genchemlab/184SP13/Download184_Labs/Composition%20and%20Separations%20Chem%20184%20Spring%202013.pdf (accessed Feb 12, 2013) Guidelines for Laboratory Reports http//linus.chem.ku.edu/GenChemLab/184SP13/guidelines%20for%20lab%20reports.htm (accessed Feb 12, 2013)

Marketing Mixmarketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Marketing Mixmarketing Mix Essay1. Marketing Research A new product strategy ordain ultimately need to be tested through focus groups, phone surveys and beta tests. Focus groups argon sessions where union managers observe consumers through a one-way mirror. A moderator or interviewer will ask the consumers questions related to the associations product concept, including their likes, dislikes and suggestions for the product. This information is usually evaluated later to help collar the product concept. After focus groups, companies use phone surveys to obtain a more reliable sample about the markets reaction to the product. 2. product Positioning Product positioning is a best practice strategy used for both new and existing products. Small companies typically use a grid when underdeveloped a product positioning matrix.The objective of product positioning is to determine which segment of the market to place a product. Companies often use two definitive product variables i n a product positioning matrix. For hot cereal, these variables may include worth and time to cook. The product monetary value can be low-spirited or high, and the time to cook the cereal can be slow or cursorily. Consequently, segments for hot cereal may be low price/quick to cook, low price/slow to cook, high price/quick to cook or high price/slow to cook. A small company will usually plot its existing products as well as competitive products within the various segments. The segment with the least amount of plotting points may indicate an chance for the company, as that particular segment is under-served.Place of Distribution StrategiesDepending on the type of product being distributed there are three common distribution strategies accessible 1. Intensive distribution Used commonly to distribute low priced or impulse purchase products eg chocolates, soft drinks. 2. Exclusive distribution Involves limiting distribution to a single outlet. The product is usually highly priced, and requires the intermediary to place much detail in its sell. An example of would be the sale of vehicles through exclusive dealers. 3. discriminating Distribution A small number of retail outlets are chosen to distribute the product. Selective distribution is common with products such as computers, televisions household appliances, where consumers are willing to shop around and where manufacturers want a large geographical spread.Pricing Strategies1. Penetration pricing Here the scheme sets a low price to increase sales and market share. Once market share has been captured the firm may well then increase their price. A television satellite company sets a low price to get subscribers then increases the price as their customer base increases. 2. Skimming pricing The organization sets an initial high price and then slowly lowers the price to make the product available to a wider market. The objective is to skim profits of the market layer by layer. A games solace company reduces the price of their console over 5 years, charging a premium at launch and lowest price near the end of its life cycle. 3. disceptation pricing Setting a price in comparison with competitors. Really a firm has three options and these are to price lower, price the same or price higher. Some firms offer a price matching service to match what their competitors are offering.Promotion Strategies1. Public relations Involves developing positive relationships with the organization media public. The art of good public relations is not only to obtain favorable publicity within the media, but it is also involves being able to carry on successfully negative attention. 2. Internet Marketing Promoting and selling your services online using various forms of online marketing techniques such as banner advertisements, videos or social media. 3. Sponsorship Where you wages an organization to use your brand or logo. This organization usually has a high profile so that you know that your brand will be seen by a large audience. Most common use of sponsorship is with sporting events. The 2012 Olympics being held in London is being sponsored by a number of organizations such as Mcdonalds and Coca-Cola as the event will attract a worldwide audience that will run into hundreds of millions.

Java Coffee Shop Business Plan Marketing Essay

chocolate berry bean Coffee Shop Business Plan Marketing Essay burnt umber Culture coffee bar is set(p) to become a daily necessity for local coffee addicts, a place to dream of as you try to escape the daily stresses of life and honest acomfortable place to meet your friends or to read a book, all in one. With the growing demand for high- select gourmet coffee and great service, coffee Culture volition capitalize on its proximity to the University of surgery campus to build a core group of repeat customers.The company will operate a 2,300 upstanding foot coffee bar within a walking distance from the University of Oregon campus. The owners hand over secured this location through a three-year lease with an alternative for extending. The have also provided $140,000 of the required $170,000 start-up funds. The remaining capital will be obtained throughBank of America commercial loans.The company is expected to grow sales revenue from $584,000 in FY2001 to $706,000 in year th ree. As Java Culture will strive to maintain a 65% gross profit leeway and reasonable operating expenses,it will seenet profits grow from $100,000 to$125,000 during the same period.Java Culture coffee bar will be determined on the rationality floor of the commercial building at the corner of West 13th Avenue and Patterson Street in Eugene, OR. The company has secured a annual lease of the vacant 2,500 squ be feet premises previously occupied by a hair salon. The lease contract has an option of renewal for three long time at a fixed rate that Java Culture will execute depending on the financial strength of its business.The floor plan will implicate a 200 squ atomic number 18 feet back office and a 2,300 squ be feet coffee bar, which will include a seating area with 15 tables, a kitchen, storage area and two bathrooms. The space in the coffee bar will be approximately distributed the following way1,260 square feet (i.e., 55% of the total) for the seating area, 600 square feet (26% ) for the production area, and the remaining 440 square feet (19%) for the customer service area.This property is located in a commercial area within a walking distance from the University of Oregon campus on the corner of a major thoroughfare connecting affluent South Eugene neighborhood with the busy downtown commercial area. The commercially zoned premises have the necessary water and electricity hookups and will require only minor remodeling to accommodate the espresso bar,kitchen and storage area. The coffee prohibit open and clean interior propose with modern wooden decor will convey the quality of the served beverages and snacks, and will be in-line with the establishments positioning as an eclectic place where the great unwashed can unbend and enjoy their cup of coffee. The clear window displays, through which passerby will be able to see customers enjoying their beverages, and outside electric signs will be aimed to enamour the attention of the customer traffic.Java Cul ture will twirl its customers the best tasting coffee beverages in the area. This will be achieved by using high-quality ingredients and strictly following preparation guidelines. The store layout, menu listings and marketing activities will be focused on maximizing the sales of higher margin espresso drinks. Along with the espresso drinks, brewed coffee and teas, as well as some refreshment beverages, will be sold in the coffee bar. Java Culture will also offer its clients pastries, small salads and sandwiches. For the gourmet clientele that prefers to prepare its coffee at home, Java Culture will also be selling coffee beans.The menu of the Java Culture coffee bar will be built around espresso-based coffee drinks such as lattes, mochas, cappuccinos, etc. Each of the espresso-based drinks will be offered with whole, skimmed, or soy milk. Each of these coffee beverages is based on a shot of espresso, which is prepared in the espresso machine by forcing heated water through ground coffee at high pressure. Such espresso shots are combined with steamed milk and/or other additives like cocoa, caramel, etc., to prepare the espresso-based beverages. Proper preparation techniques are of paramount importance for such drinks. A minor deviation from the amount of coffee in the shot, the size of the coffee particles, the temperature of milk, etc., can negatively affect the quality of the prepared drink.U.S. coffee consumption has shown steady growth, with gourmet coffee having the strongest growth. Coffee drinkers in the Pacific Northwest are among the most demanding ones. They favor well-brewed gourmet coffee drinks and demand great service. Eugene, OR, with its liberal and outgoing populace and long rainy winter, has traditionally been a great place for coffee establishments. Java Culture will strive to build a leal customer base by offering a great tasting coffee in a restful environment of its coffee bar located close to the bustling University of Oregon campus.Ja va Culture will focus its marketing activities on reaching the University students and faculty, people working in offices located close to the coffee bar and on sophisticated teenagers. Our market research shows that these are the customer groups that are most apt(predicate) to buy gourmet coffee products. Since gourmet coffee consumption is universal across different income categories and mostly depends on the level of higher education, proximity to the University of Oregon campus will provide access to the targeted customer audience.Java Culture will cater to people who want to get their daily cup of great-tasting coffee in a restful atmosphere. Such customers vary in age, although our location close to the University campus means that most of our clientele will be college students and faculty. Our market research shows that theseare discerning customers that gravitate towards better tasting coffee. Furthermore, a lot of college students consider coffee bars to be a convenient st udying or confluence location, where they can read or meet with peers without the necessity to pay cover charges. For us, this will provide a unique possibility for building a loyal client base.Coffee consumption has shown a steady 2.5% growth rate in the United States over the last decade. In 1994, total sales of coffee were approximately $7.5 billion with gourmet coffee representing 33% (or $2.5 billion) of that. The retail coffee industry is flourishing in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The local climate, with a long rainy season, is very conducive for the consumption of hot non-alcoholic beverages. At the same time, hot dry summers drive people into cafes to order iced drinks. Further, coffee has really become a part of the lifestyle in the Pacific Northwest. Its discerning coffee drinkers are in favor of well-prepared, strong coffee-based beverages, which they can consume in arelaxing environment.According to the 1997 Oregon provender service Statistics (NAICS 72), Eugene had 45 established snack non-alcoholic beverage bars (NAICS 722213) with total sales of $14.2 million. Among other establishments that offer coffee drinks to their customers are most of Eugenes limited- and full-service restaurants. Java Cultures direct competitors will be other coffee bars located near the University of Oregon campus.These include Starbucks, Cafe Roma, The UO Bookstore, and other Food service establishments that offer coffee. Starbucks will definitely be one of the major competitors because of its strong financial position and established marketing and operational practices. However, despite of Starbucks fix market position, many customers favor smaller, independent establishments that offer cozy atmosphere and wakeless coffee at affordable prices. Cafe Roma is a good example of such competition.Despite the owners and managers experience in the definitely industry, the company will retain the consulting services of ABC Espresso Services, the consultants who have helped to develop the business topic for Java Culture. This company has over twenty years of experience in the retail coffee industry and has successfully opened dozens of coffee bars across the U.S. Consultants will be primarily used for market research, customer satisfaction surveys and to provide additional input into the evaluation of the new business opportunities.Java Culture will capitalize on the strong demand for high-quality gourmet coffee. The owners have provided the company with sufficient start-up capital. With successful management aimed at establishing and growing a loyal customer base, the company will see its net worth doubling in two years. Java Culture will maintain a healthy 65% gross margin, which combined with reasonable operating expenses, will provide enough cash to finance further growth.

Taiwan: Major Industires

chinaw be Major IndustiresTAIWAN MAJOR INDUSTRIESThe major industries in chinaware are electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceutics.We basis have a look at the major industries maven by one and then do an analysis on the investment opportunities on one of them.SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY chinaware has truly emerged as a global leader in the semiconductor and microelectronics industry and serves as the home of the orbs crystalize IC foundries, mainland China Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (TSMC) and United Microelectronics (UMC), which hold a majority of the grocery store share.mainland China is also an important player in Mask read-only memory payoff, IC encase and IC testing, accounting for 57.1%, 32% and 36% of global market shares respectively. Taiwan-based Advanced Semiconductor Engineering Inc (ASE) and Siliconware Precision Industries (SPIL) lead the IC packaging industry, slice ASE Test and ChipMOS Technologies lead the IC testing industry.Taiwans IC design industry has ranked second only to the US, accounting for 28.4% of the market worldwide. Media Tek, VIA, Realtek and Sunplus are among the top 20 IC design houses. Taiwan ranks as the worlds 3rd largest maker of DRAM components, supplying 17.1% of the market. Taiwan also serves as a key IC market, with a rank of US$11 billion in 2002, representing 25.7% of the market in Asia and 8.1% of the global market. free-enterprise(a) Advantage and grocery store StrengthsTaiwan plays a major role in the global semiconductor industry, as the unique structure of its IC industry fosters close cooperation among diverse yet essential elements in the abide by scene, ranging from IC design and manufacturing to packaging and testing.Investment Opportunities and merchandise PotentialThe National Si-Soft Project was launched in 2003 in an effort to upgrade Taiwans IC industry from in th e main contract manufacturing to RD and innovation oriented production. The project aims to make Taiwan the one-stop shop for IC designs, mix-and-match intellectual properties, manufacturing, and testing.The National Si-Soft Project is devoted to developing System-on-Chip (SoC) understructure in Taiwan. Specific contents of the Si-Soft Project admit automation software, silicon intellectual property (IP), embedded software, and system single chip, which are all essential in IC design. New IC designs will in turn drive the increment of information household appliances, photoelectricity, internet technologies, energy, converse, biological chips, and nanotechnology.The project offers various proceedss such(prenominal) as Providing available IP sources and a much simplified transaction flow for the IC design industry (including design services), in order to belittle the time required for IC design. Improving the competitiveness of practitioners in the system industry as they re alize the system knowhow in their own SoC Effectively cultivating pencil lead IP v terminateors in the IP industry Attracting to a greater extent customers with value-added products (to a greater extent complete IP features) for chip manufacturers Allowing practitioners in the packaging and testing industries to interchange freely and learn somewhat the most progress technologies relevant to their field in order to further enhance their technological expertise DISPLAY AND OPTOELECTRONICSTaiwan has seen significant growth in its rubric imaging (CI) industry in late course of studys. The all overall production value of the flat panel display (FPD) industry alone has increased more than twofold since 2001, deriveing US$7.39 billion, of which 83.4% came from the production of large size TFT-LCD units. In Q1 2004, the islands Flat Panel Display (FPD) sales reached NT$171.3 billion (US$5.1 billion), a 115% increase on the previous year, and 2004 sales are projected to reach NT$ 727.1 billion (US$21.7 billion). As Taiwan manufacturers are positioned to start mass production on next times panels (6th, 7th, and 7.5), the total production value of Taiwans FPD industry will surpass NT$1 trillion. Taiwan is currently expected to account for 41% of large-sized TFT-LCD panel supply in 2004, becoming the worlds largest production base. Major TFT-LCD makers in Taiwan, such as AU, Chi-Mei, CPT, QDI, Hannstar, Toppoly, and PVI, have contributed greatly to the progress of the CI industry. AU, which receives the majority of its funding from Taiwan, is the third largest panel supplier in the world, and is the largest producer in Taiwan. Chi Mei, the second largest producer in Taiwan, is fast approaching AU in terms of production value.Competitive Advantages and Market StrengthsOver 30% of the key components for FPD, such as polarizers, backlight modules, color filters and driver ICs, are manufactured in Taiwan, and local component makers such as Optimax (polarizers), F orhouse and glad (backlights), Allied Material Technology, Cando and Sintek (color filters), Novatek and Win obligate (driver ICs), work very closely with panel makers. These component and finished product manufacturers are clustered around the Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Tainan areas, creating an combine supply chain that further force-outens Taiwans position in the global IT industry.Investment Opportunities and Market PotentialAs Taiwan is the worlds second largest producer of panels and the market for components is quite large, the government is inviting outside suppliers of materials and equipment to build factories in Taiwan, to enable faster and more effective product and service deliveries.Panel makers in Taiwan plan to establish G5 and G6 production lines, with the last of becoming the leading panel supplier in the world. The government aims to generate US$40 billion in FPD production value by the year 2006. In the next three to four years, enterprises specializing in advanc ed components will have ample space for high growth potential.The government offers investors in the color imaging industry special tax reduction and investment incentives. Combined with a highly skilled workforce and abundant experience in the IT industry, Taiwan is the ideal destination for investment in the color imaging industry.Foreign Direct Investments in TaiwanThe color imaging industry in Taiwan has grown very rapidly in the past few years. In light of an increasing demand for flat panels in the global market and robust competition, Taiwans vendors realize the importance of improving their technology and producing the right key components. The cost ratio for TFT-LCD components is quite high, with color filters at around 26% and glass substrate near 4%. Taiwans government has been active in soliciting outside(prenominal) investors to manufacture these key components in Taiwan.BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALSTaiwans concerted policy efforts to develop research, developmen t and production capabilities in the biotech sector have paid off in creating a wealth of investment opportunities. Biotech research at Taiwans top academic institutions is gaining global attention, while development capabilities, fostered through joint industry and government support, are turning these research achievements into commercially viable products. Taiwans mature production and logistics capabilities, evidenced by its over 100 cGMP-awarded pharmaceutical manufacturers, have been widely recognized as powerhouses in this area.Goals for the Coming DecadeHaving established a solid foundation, the Taiwan government has designated the biotech industry for further development into a key industry in its Two Trillion, Twin Stars Plan and Challenge 2008 National Development Plan. Through the unite efforts of government, academia, research and industrial sectors, Taiwan is poised to become a major hub and logistics operations center for RD, manufacturing, and operations in the bio technology and pharmaceutical industries within the Asia- pacific region. The governments plans to pass on the industry include achieving targets of NT$150 billion (US$4.34 billion) in investments and 25% annual revenue growth by 2008 and five hundred biotech-related companies within ten years.Competitive Advantages and Market Strengths Superior pharmaceutical production and manufacturing capabilities Geographically positioned close to potential markets in Asia allows for enhanced product development for Asian markets Excellent springboard for accounting entry other Asian markets Ease of communication and reduced cultural barriers Strong venture capital and financial resources Abundance of technical specialists in organic chemistry, optoelectronics, integrated circuitry, automated systems, and other relevant fields Excellent research facilities and well-staffed healthcare organizations TELECOMMUNICATIONTaiwan offers much potential in the telecoms market, with one of the mos t advanced telecommunications networks in the region. full(prenominal) penetration rates in both the fixed-line and mobile phone sectors have encouraged growth in telecom products and services. Looking to 2004, the Ministry of sparing Affairs has announced plans to make the telecommunications industry one of Taiwans trillion dollar industries, which will nurture the development of wireless applications, 3G, and broadband services.Competitive Advantages and Market StrengthsTaiwan is currently the fourth largest producer of PCs. As PC-related IC design and manufacturing technology in Taiwan have reached world standards, wireless communication and broadband communication products, related components/assemblies and systems products manufacturing technology have all been the beneficiaries of a multiplier effect.A festering number of Taiwan manufacturers boast manufacturing and merchandising capabilities for research and development of xDSL, DLC, SDHH, DWDM, and cell-phone related prod ucts. If these are combined with telecommunications service capabilities of foreign companies, particularly in the area of content services, their ability to enter newly developing markets will surely father a new wave of product demand.Taiwans world-class technological vantages enable it to benefit from US and Japanese RD resources. Taiwans central location in the Asian Pacific region provides ideal access to the emerging Mainland China and Southeast Asian markets and to manufacture highly-competitive communications technology products. For manufacturers advancing into newly developing markets, Taiwan cadaver the most advantageous base for business operations in the region.Investment Opportunities and Market PotentialIn order to establish Taiwan as a broadband communications technology island, the government has classified telecommunications as a strategic industry, allowing it to benefit from a host of investment and tax incentives.The Related Industries progression Plan is ex pected to facilitate the establishment of communication-oriented SoC IC design, fiber-optic components/assemblies, production facilities, software and telecommunications service industries innovation. IT product manufacturing is expected to reach its goal of surpassing US$ 30 billion by 2007.At the same time, in order to comply with telecommunications industry liberalization and field infrastructure requirements, Taiwan has in late(a) years gradually alterd the 3G and wired network markets. Estimates for 2005 anticipate US$50 billion in equipment purchase orders and US$20 billion in telecommunication service industry revenues. Market opportunities are tremendous, making Taiwan the ideal investment destination for the equipment manufacturing industry and content service providers.MATERIALS AND FINE CHEMICALSThe production value of the material and fine chemical industry in Taiwan has averaged approximately US$44.38 billion annually, with petrochemical materials, polymer, electrica l materials and fine chemical products as major output. Taiwan is the largest producer of ABS, the second largest supplier of PTAs, and the fourth largest in PVCs, supplying the Taiwan domestic market and the worlds major markets, especially Mainland China.With a well-developed supplier chain and marketing channels all over the world, Taiwan plays a key role in many markets today. In fact, a maturement number of leading companies, such as Chi-Mei, Nan Ya Plastics and Formosa Plastics in the material industry, and UPC, Dahin, Lee Chang Yung Chemical in the fine chemical industry, are emerging more visibly in the international markets. In addition, Eternal Chemical and Chang Chun Plastics in the electrical material industry, and Taiwan Shiseido, Grand Glory Biotechnology, Taiwan Sugar, and Taiwan Salt in the cosmetics industry are already well-established in their respective markets.As the IT industry becomes more competitive, Taiwans material and fine chemical industry has been focu sing on semiconductors, plane display materials, issue circuit boards, nanotechnology materials and other high value-added products.Investment Opportunities and Market PotentialsTaiwan is home to a great number of talented RD and design people who are well-read and possess experience with international companies, making the island more advantageous location for multinational companies to localize as part of a globalization strategy.In recent years, Taiwans IT industry has shown impressive progress the semiconductor, TFT-LCDs, and print circuit board industries are seeing dramatic growth and have reached large-scale production levels, thereby gaining strength in the international markets. The materials and fine chemical industry in Taiwan will be highly essential in supporting the IT industry and meeting its rigorous demands. The Challenge 2008 National Development Plan, a government-support project that shows a list of plans and incentives on land lease, funding, taxes, and othe r benefits, demonstrates the value that the materials and fine chemical industry brings to Taiwan.Taiwan has created vast opportunities for both international and domestic firms, with Mainland China as the biggest and most prominent market. With its strategic geographical location and experience in world trade, Taiwan makes the ideal center for manufacturing and market development in the Asia-Pacific region.FINANCE, SECURITIES AND INSURANCEWith foreign exchanges reserves of over US$200 billion at the end of 2003, and a forecasted 4.5% economic growth rate for 2004, Taiwan continues to maintain a robust scrimping, due in part to government action on internationalization and liberalization policies.Competitive Advantages Market Strengths As a growing number of global industries are migrating to the Far East, Taiwan is an ideal location to establish a financial base. Multinational companies in Taiwan have access to more precise information on the Asia-Pacific region as they expand th eir business. In recent years, East Asia has become an important investment location for European and American countries. Taiwans stock market index is covered in both Dow Jones and Morgan Stanleys stock indices, to the benefit of foreign investors. In addition, the government has loosened restrictions on foreign capital in the Taiwan stock market, bringing more attention to Taiwans market.Investment Opportunities and Market Potential In pursuing its goal of becoming the financial center of East Asia, Taiwan is revising its financial policies to bring them to international standards. Examples of such policies includeLifting constraints on offshore banking units (OBUs) Policies include expanding the depth and breadth of foreign currency market, and broadening the offshore banking units market and foreign currency overnight rate market to attract foreign financial institutions and enhance Taiwans position as a regional funding center. Taiwan will therefore expand its stock and bond m arkets, improve market regulation and efficiency, and promote the internationalization of the securities market. Foreign investors can buy and sell securities, bonds and public warrants freely without restrictions of time or location, have more versatility in managing investments, and vitalize the market. Ongoing liberalization of capital markets for foreign investors the ROC government has opened up its stock market to foreign investors with minimal restrictions. With the introduction of more financial commodities in the market and more diversified channels for funds, Taiwans capital markets are opening to increasing foreign investors, who are now allowed to manage differential financial products instead of spot commodities. In addition, foreign capital is now permitted in the private placement market, and these newly available commodities are attracting more foreign investment. Opening the insurance market to foreign investors Fifty-five insurance companies are currently in ope ration in Taiwan, of which 21 are foreign-owned. Other measures to liberalize the Taiwan insurance market include relaxing restrictions on the approval of commodities liberalized rates investment policies and procedures the opening of cross-strait insurance exchanges the promotion of risk-based capital (RBC) systems information manifestation systems and a certified actuary system. With monitoring of all foreign insurance companies in Taiwan to ensure compliance with policies on remuneration for Taiwan citizens, the foreign insurance industry in Taiwan can operate in a fair and reasonable business environment. In addition, with the islands excellent location and workforce, Taiwan has the potential to become the Asian insurance market hub for foreign investors. Increasing the liquidity of financial capital in the stock market The Securitization of Financial Assets truth was implemented on July 24, 2002, with the aim of improving and increasing the liquidity of financial assets, inc luding fully liberalized foreign investments in the public and private placement of securitization of financial assets. several(prenominal) domestic banks are in the process of cooperating with foreign financial institutions in this regard. According to the rules for MFN and National Treatment, foreign invested banks in Taiwan can compete on an equal footing with domestic banks. They are all granted licenses and can operate as fully-functional branches in Taiwan. In addition, as stated in the Banking law of nature and Financial Holding Company Law, a foreign financial institution may invest up to a 100% stake in a domestic bank. Moreover, foreign banks and financial holding companies that have sufficient experience and a good reputation can hold shares of up to 100% under their original name. Foreign financial groups may merge with Taiwans local financial institutions under the Merger Law for Financial Institutions, which has been established for the purpose of regulating the con jugation of financial institutions, expanding economies of scale, enhancing the efficiency of financial institutions and protecting proper competition environments. The law provides a friendly legal environment and mechanism for the operation of Asset charge Companies. Flexible government restrictions allow foreign investors to set up their operations headquarters in Taiwan to conduct multilateral trade a growing trend for foreign companies to gain a more competitive edge. ANALYSIS OF THE TAIWANESE BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTORTaiwans biotechnology industry includes biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and aesculapian devices. In 2003, the total annual revenue for these industries in Taiwan was approximately NT$131.6 billion, of which NT$29.6 billion came from biotechnology0.9 percent of the total global revenue-represented by 223 companies, each with an average revenue of NT$133 million. Business scope covered included genomics, drugs, diagnostics, farming(a) biotechnology, environmental biote chnology, protein drugs, contract research organizations, biochips and bioinformatics. The islands pharmaceutical industry returned NT$61.4 billion,0.4 percent of the global total with 429 companies active in this sector, averaging NT$143 million per company. The medical devices industry returned NT$40.6 billion,0.6 percent of the global total, coming from 397 companies, with an average revenue of NT$102 million each. The biotechnology workforce size is 35,610, of which 7,200 are in the biotechnology industry, 14,224 in the pharmaceutical industry and 14,186 working in the medical devices industry.Status of Biotechnology Development in Taiwan (2003) Units NT$100 million Industry Biotechnology Pharmaceutical median devices Total Revenue 296 614 406 1,316 Number of Companies 223 429 397 1,049Size of work for ce (number) 7,200 14,224 14,186 35,610Export value* 113 45 288 446Import value* 120 339 425 884Domestic sales vs. trade 6238 937 2971 6634Domestic market demand* 303 908 543 1,754BIOTECH INDUSTRY ANALYSIS MICHAEL PORTERS FIVE FORCES moldingAdvantages and opportunities in Taiwans biotech industryAdvantages 1. Active and continuous efforts to build up an attractive investment environment by the government 2. Large input to investment of up- and mid-stream RD and infrastructure 3. Close bond with fast growing Asian markets 4. Sufficient domestic capital for investing from intensive partners 5. Solid foundation and experience from the past development of the electronics industry 6. Proper environment for the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises and the diligent and aggressive entrepreneurial spirit of the Taiwanese 7. Ample biotechnology and pharmaceutical professionals based both topically and overseas 8. Relatively homogenous ethnic Chinese population, ideal for the development of an Asian-prevalent- distemper-related biotech industry 9. Qualified RD personnel who are capable of establishing a knowledge economy to reflect Taiwans uniqueness 10. Advanced traditional agricultural technology to support development of agricultural biotechnology Opportunities 1. The key industry in the governments Challenge 2008 six-year national development plan 2. The listed incentive industry among newly encouraged emerging strategic industries 3. Rising demand in better living standards in the Asia-Pacific and growing economy and market for potential development 4. Increasing number of strategic alliances and technology transfer cases 5. RD and precision processing sectors are ready to take advantage of the growing global tren d towards outsourcing in the biotechnology industry. 6. Right timing for endless business opportunities in post human gene decoding 7. High value-added, long life cycle and value chain of biotechnology many points of entry available, from RD to marketing 8. Flourishing biotechnology RD service industries (technical evaluation, RD design, intellectual property services, and start-up brooding services) 9. Many large-sized high-quality medical centers, providing optimal conditions for undertaking clinical trials 10. Clear market segmentation from temperate zone products of advanced countries with Taiwans sub-tropical climate to develop Asian sub-tropical agricultural biotechnology 11. Plentiful related information aggregated from National Health Insurance program 12. Diseases associated with a modern sedentary lifestyle, with potential for drug and disease screening technology platforms Objective.RECOMMENDATIONS1. Although there are a few biotech companies but all of them are small sca le operators. Hence a consolidation create by mental act can be started.2. Since biotech is going to help pharmaceutical companies in a big way hence pharma companies can make a intended effort to start RD centers with emphasis on biotechnology.3. Although the government is supportive of the sector but not many FDIs have been soak upd. The government can specifically invite FDIs in this sector.4. Large companies like Biocon and Brighton Research labs should be asked to set up facilities. They can be promised access to markets in mainland China through Taiwan.5. Most of the stark materials required is being imported, so the government can devise strategies to develop auxiliary industries and make the sector self sufficient.6. Newer and more challenging topics can be taken up to study. Like human genome sequencing which would help in determining the genetic causes for diseases like cancer and AIDS.

All Quiet on the Western Front and the Horrors of War :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

The Horrors of War Throughout their lives, people must deal with the horrific and violent side of humanity. The side of humanity is shown through the act of war. This is shown in Erich Remarques novel, All Quiet on the Western Front. War is by far the well-nigh horrifying thing that the human race has to go through. The participants in the war suffer irreversible damage by the atrocities they witness and the things they go through. One of the worst things about war is the severity of carnage that it bestows upon mankind. workforce are killed by the millions in the worst ways imaginable. Bodies are blown apart, limbs are cracked and torn and flesh is melted away from the bone. Dying eyeball watch as internal organs are spilled of empty cavities, naked torso are hung in trees and men are forced to run on stumps when their feet are blown off. Along with the horrific deaths that accompany war, the injuries often outnumber dead men. As Paul Baumer witnessed in the hospital, the injur ies were terrifying and often led to death. His ferment is expressed in the lines, Day after day goes by with pain and fear, groans and death gurgles. Even the death room I no use any longer it is too small. The men who make it through the war take with them mental and physical scarification from their experiences. People who run through actually been through war know how horrible it is. Society on the other hand, while it believes it knows the horrors of war, tidy sum never understand or sympathize with a soldiers situation. The only people who can understand war is those who have been through it so they can often feel alone if they are out of the military. Paul cannot even give a straight answer to his own father about his dads inquiries about war. Pauls dad does not understand that people who have been in the war can in no way truly express the horrible things that that have seen and experienced. Nor can Paul fit in with the company who does not understand him. Paul and so ma ny others were brought into the war so young that they know of nothing else other than war. Paul held these views on society as he said, We will be superfluous even to ourselves, we will grow older, a few will adapt themselves, some others will merely submit, and most will be bewildered-the years will pass by and in the end we shall fall in to ruin.

Important Elements of a Written Loan Policy :: essays research papers

Assignment 41)One of the most important ways a curse can make sure its loans realise regulatory standards and are profitable is by establishing a written loan policy. A loan policy gives loan officers and the confides management special guidelines in devising some loan decisions and in shaping the over all portfolios of the bank. The following are the most important elements of a Written loanword Policy1.Statements of Lending A statement that defines the type of loan, its maturities, quality and the size of loans.2.Establish a Lending Authority It should clearly define who is authorized to a loan3.Establish Lines of Responsibility It is making sure that all the information is reported to its department.4.Operating Procedure There should be appropriate operating procedures for soliciting, reviewing, evaluating, and making decisions on customer loan application.5.Required Documents All the required documents should be obtained for every loan application and must be filed properl y.6.Lines of Authority Responsibility for maintaining and reviewing the banks credit files should be well defined.7.Guidelines Proper guidelines must be given as to how you can take a loan, evaluate it and perfect a loan.8.Policies & Procedures Policies & Procedures for establishing interest rates, payments, fees and repayments must be present.9.Establish Quality Standards A statement of quality standards applicable to all loans. That is, if a person does not meet the standards then(prenominal) the loan should be denied.10.Establishing Upper Limit to Loans A statement defining the upper limit to a loan beyond which a loan cannot be allowed11.Define its Community A description of the banks principal trade area, which most loans should come from.12.Trouble Loan A discussion of the preferent procedures for detecting, analyzing, and working out problem loan situations.For loan to be good three conditions should be fulfilled, ie. First that the borrower should be creditworthy. Which co uld be known by a detailed study of the following six aspectsCharacter The loan officer must know the purpose of the loan and make sure that the customer pass on be able to make the repayment of the loan. He should also determine that the borrower has a responsible attitude towards using borrowed funds, is truthful in answering the banks questions and willing to make every effort to repay what is owned.Capacity The loan officer must make sure the borrower has the authority to request a loan and the legal standing to sign a loan agreement.Cash The loan officer should make sure that the borrower has a stable stream of income and the superpower to repay the loan.

Oh, That Jolly Green Giant :: King Arthur Literature Essays

Oh, That Jolly super acid GiantIn a land of magic, love, betrayal, hatred, loyalty and mystery, there exists a kingdom called Camelot. At the heart of Camelot are the Knights of the Round Table who maintain their loyalty to King Arthur. From the famed knights emerges one knight, who stands out as being traditionally the most loyal, chivalrous, and courtly of all Sir Gawain. It is during one of Arthurs New Years feast, that a stranger rudely gallops into the great hall and begins what will be a yearlong mental testing for Sir Gawain. His color, physical stature, power, and magic are astounding to the Knights of the Round Table. Only one knight dares to accept the challenge of this green giant. This is the story of Sir Gawain and the jet-propelled plane Knight, a ordinal Century Arthurian romance by an anonymous poet. Great wonder grew in hall/At his hue most strange to see,/For man and add-on and all/Were green as green could be. (Norton, 161) Throughout this text, great emphasis is placed on the color green and the fact that great power is associated with the color. Green will again be emphasized at the end of the story when Lord Bercilaks wife gives Gawain a magical green blunt, which has the power to protect Gawain from the Green Knight. The green of everything about the knight is then countered by the red glow of his eyes. In these times, dragons and monsters are green with glowing red eyes. They are also regent(postnominal) and serve as tests for true knights and heroes. The color green is given a mystical power in this story because not whole do the girdle and the Green Knight act as green symbols of magic, but the Green Chapel is also a powerful image of magic. While it is not a traditional Judeo-Christian chapel, but rather it seems to be a prehistoric cave. It can be viewed as a holy place simply because it is the only green life that exists in the suffocating white snow of the winter. This alone should have alterted Gawain to believe that magic was afoot. It is the sheer size of the Green Knight that intimidates umteen of the Knights of the Round Table As lightning quick and light/He looked to all at hand/It seemed that no man might/His deadly dints withstand. (Norton, 162) Because Gawain must cover his knightly duties, he alone takes on the Green Knights game and presents himself as the student of humility.