Paper that assesses the legal problems of genuineness of assent and Essay

Paper that assesses the legal problems of genuineness of assent and what condition must prevail in order for a contractual offer to be null and void relative to absense of genuineness - Essay Example Agreements or promises made must be consented to in order to bind all the parties to a contract. Essentially, the contracting process has to be genuine. If the genuineness of assent is questionable, the underlying contract(s) might fail to be legally binding. However, there are legal challenges involved relative to proving lack of genuineness of assent in a contract context. The enforceability of a contract is subject to genuineness of assent (Miller, 2012). Contracts are effectively and efficiently performed where genuineness of assent is not questionable. When genuineness of assent is characterized by doubt or lack of it altogether, legal provisions applicable to the contract context take their course. In this respect, the primary legal problems and challenges that surround genuineness of assent include mistake, misrepresentation, undue influence, or duress (Miller, 2012). The occurrence of these factors in a contract jeopardizes voluntary consent. Mistakes in contracting can be made by one or more parties. In most cases, mistakes in contracting are either factual or value-based. On its part, misrepresentation encompasses fraudulent and non-fraudulent practices that could be perpetrated by one, more than one, or all the contracting parties. Where a contracting party’s free will is overcome by the influence of another party resulting in contract consent that is not driven by free will, undue influence is realized (Miller, 2012). Moreover, an agreement or promise made under threats or force is not genuine; an aspect referred to as duress. All these issues constitute legal problems involved in contracting as far as genuineness of assent is concerned. For a contractual offer to be null and void relative to absence of genuineness, there are conditions that must be satisfied relative to mistake, misrepresentation, undue influence, or duress in contracting (Miller, 2012). Whether the mistake is unilateral or

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢ Race †¢ Ethnicity †¢ Religion †¢ Gender †¢ Sexual orientation †¢ Age †¢ Disability. |Category |Stereotype 1 |Stereotype 2 |Stereotype 3 | |Ethnicity |Certain ethnicities are good at |Certain ethnicities will pursue a |Certain ethnicities live in lower | | |certain sports |certain carrer |class areas | |Gender |One gender is stronger than the |One gender cannot do certain |One gender should not do certain | | |other |things because of their gender |things because of their gender | |Race |Certain races cannot drive a |Certain races cannot dance or have|Certain races came to American | | |vehicle |rhythm |illegal |. Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? I think the only positive aspect of stereotypes is if a certain race, ethnicity is being put down is for it to empower the people of that group to strive more to achieve. I think someone of these groups hearing they cannot or will never do something will make them want and hopefully achieve this more. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? The negative aspects of stereotypes is this brings down the people of these group’s self esteem and makes them believe they cannot or will never be able to do something. I think is why we see so many children grow up and become a product of their environment and where they were raised because they believe nothing more is out there for them. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. Stereotypes is a thought adopted about specific types of people or certain ways of doing things and prejudice is making a judgement of someone or something before knowing everything. I think both play the same role, but with stereotyping we already have thoughts or beliefs in our head about a certain group, and prejudice we see a certain group or anything and make an opion about it without knowing the full truth. With stereotypeing we see a certain ethnicity and we stereotype them they are a drugdealer, play basketball. With prejudice we see someone who is dirty standing somewhere we will judge and say they are homeless and going to ask for money. What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? I think the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is they are both putting down a certain group or individual person without knowing the full truth about them. I think we as children devlop this traits and as we get older and see more the world they get worse and we are quicker to pass judgement towards someone and stereotype some to make us feel like a better person or make someone else feel less of a person. What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? I think prejudice will continue to happen, but the biggest thing people could try to do is get the full truth or fully look at what is in front of them before just passing judgement without knowing the whole story. I think we need to forget the stereotypes certain groups of people have been given and make our own decision on people we come in contact with and see.

Britain in the First World War Essay -- Papers

Britain in the First World War Introduction Recruitment and conscription had become a big issue at the beginning and propaganda was used to change the attitudes of the public. After the First World War, life in Britain had changed dramatically. Britain owed nearly six billion pounds to the Americans. Air raids back on the British homeland had killed over one thousand people and left millions homeless. In total nearly one million British people had died during the war. Women had come to do the jobs of men, and governments had taken new measures to ensure we had won this new kind of war. The League of Nations had been intended to bring peace back to Europe and the world but only brought more bitterness. Recruitment Before conscription, men would be encouraged by their families to enlist and fight for the country. Propaganda was used to stir up the ideas and emotions of what kizer whilhelm had in mind for Europe and to bring out countrymen's patriotic duties. When Lord Kitchener as put in charge of Britain's fight against the Germans he realized that more men would be needed. The BEF (British Expeditionary Force) only had one hundred thousand men and so the recruitment drive had begun. Women were encouraged to persuade men to enlist, and at the height of the recruitment drive half a million had enlisted. Men that didn't enlist were seen as cowards and given white feathers to wear in public. Many feared that the war would be over before they got to the front. All countries involved had greeted the war with enthusiasm hoping to fight for 'King and country'. Conscription Conscription was introduced... ...re that this could never happen again. America on the other hand wanted to keep Germany from being punished too much incase any thing like this happen again. Britain was in the middle of all this. They understood were both nations were coming from. They agreed on the punishment and forced Germany to sign the treaty of Versailles. The British blockade had starved the Germans into surrendering. The German public had nicknamed the government the 'November Criminals'. The League of Nations had been created by woodrow Wilson but when he backed out, the league was left with no real power. The permanent members were still recovering after war. The league had more defeats then victories and rarely brought peace to rising conflicts. The American public had felt they should never have gotten involved with European affairs.

Interpretation of John Updikes A&P :: Literary Analysis

The first line of the story, â€Å"A&P, by John Updike, â€Å"In walks three girls in nothing but bathing suits†; (230) sets the tone for the rest of the story. The rest of the story is a description of how the main character Sammy, views not only the three girls in the bathing suits , but the rest of the women that are portrayed in the story. The main character of the story is a young guy, in the early 60s, who is working at a grocery store when these three young ladies walk in. He describes how they were scantily dressed and walking around the store, and the reactions of the others in the store, including himself, his co-workers, his manager and other customers. This story is about how a 19-year-old guy in 1961 viewed and objectified the women, young and old, entirely. The first woman Sammy has dealings with after seeing the three girls is a customer he describes as â€Å"a witch of about fifty years, with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows† (230). She has become impatient with him when he cannot remember if he rang up her box of crackers, since the three younger girls distracted him. Sammy also says, â€Å"If she were born in the right time, they would have burned her over in Salem†, substantiating his characterization of her being a witch. He believes that this woman’s purpose was to trip him up and get pleasure from it. Sammy goes on to describe the three young women. The first one he refers to as the â€Å"chunky one† (230), whom he describes as having a â€Å"sweet broad soft looking can† (230), in reference to her backside. He also adds, â€Å"With two crescents of white under it where the sun never shines† (230), indicating that he is really gawking at her backside. The second, he describes as the â€Å"tall one, with black hair that hadn’t quite frizzled right, with a chin that was too long† (230) - the kind that other girls think is very â€Å"striking† (230) and â€Å"attractive† (230). The third, he described as the â€Å"queen† (230). As she pulled out her money to pay for her purchase, Sammy talked about how he slowly un-creased the bill because it was retrieved from what he described as the â€Å"nicest two scoops of vanilla he has ever seen† (230); referencing the â€Å"queens† breasts. He also describes her bathing su it being off her shoulders, and that there was â€Å"nothing between the top of her suit and the top of her head but her†; alluding to more nakedness than is already apparent.

Agroforestry Research Essay

Agroforestry is an integrated approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock. It combines agricultural and forestry technologies to create more diverse, productive, profitable, healthy, and sustainable land-use systems.[1] A narrow definition of agroforestry is â€Å"trees on farms.† As a science The theoretical base for agroforestry comes from ecology, via agroecology.[3] From this perspective, agroforestry is one of the three principal land-use sciences. The other two are agriculture and forestry.[4] The efficiency of photosynthesis drops off with increasing light intensity, and the rate of photosynthesis hardly increases once the light intensity is over about one tenth that of direct overhead sun. This means that plants under trees can still grow well even though they get less light. By having more than one level of vegetation, it is possible to get more photosynthesis than with a single layer. Agroforestry has a lot in common with intercropping. Both have two or more plant species (such as nitrogen-fixing plants) in close interaction, both provide multiple outputs, as a consequence, higher overall yields and, because a single application or input is shared, costs are reduced. Beyond these, there are gains specific to agroforestry. Benefits Further information: Ecoscaping Agroforestry systems can be advantageous over conventional agricultural and forest production methods. They can offer increased productivity, economic benefits, and more diversity in the ecological goods and services provided.[5] Biodiversity in agroforestry systems is typically higher than in conventional agricultural systems. With two or more interacting plant species in a given land area, it creates a more complex habitat that can support a wider variety of birds, insects, and other animals. Depending upon the application, potential impacts of agroforestry can include: †¢Reducing poverty through increased production of wood and other tree products for home consumption and sale †¢Contributing to food security by restoring the soil fertility for food crops †¢Cleaner water through reduced nutrient and soil runoff †¢Countering global warming and the risk of hunger by increasing the number of drought-resistant trees and the subsequent production of fruits, nuts and edible oils †¢Reducing deforestation and pressure on woodlands by providing farm-grown fuelwood †¢Reducing or eliminating the need for toxic chemicals (insecticides, herbicides, etc.) †¢Through more diverse farm outputs, improved human nutrition †¢In situations where people have limited access to mainstream medicines, providing growing space for medicinal plants Agroforestry practices may also realize a number of other associated environmental goals, such as: †¢Carbon sequestration †¢Odour, dust, and noise reduction †¢Green space and visual aesthetics †¢Enhancement or maintenance of wildlife habitat Adaptation to Climate Change There is some evidence that, especially in recent years, poor smallholder farmers are turning to agroforestry as a mean to adapt to the impacts of climate change. A study from the CGIAR research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) found from a survey of over 700 households in East Africa that at least 50% of those households had begun planting trees on their farms in a change from their practices 10 years ago.[6] The trees ameliorate the effects of climate change by helping to stabilize erosion, improving water and soil quality and providing yields of fruit, tea, coffee, oil, fodder and medicinal products in addition to their usual harvest. Agroforestry was one of the most widely adopted adaptation strategies in the study, along with the use of improved crop varieties and intercropping.[6] Applications Agroforestry represents a wide diversity in application and in practice. One listing includes over 40 distinct uses.[3] The 40 or so applications can be roughly classified under a few broad headings. There are visual similarities between practices in different categories. This is expected as categorization is based around the problems addressed (countering winds, high rainfall, harmful insects, etc.) and the overall economic constraints and objectives (labor and other inputs costs, yield requirements, etc.). The categories include : †¢Parklands †¢Shade systems †¢Crop-over-tree systems †¢Alley cropping †¢Strip cropping †¢Fauna-based systems †¢Boundary systems †¢Taungyas †¢Physical support systems †¢Agroforests. Parkland Parklands are visually defined by the presence of trees widely scattered over a large agricultural plot or pasture. The trees are usually of a single species with clear regional favorites. Among the benefits, the trees offer shade to grazing animals, protect crops against strong wind bursts, provide tree prunings for firewood, and are a roost for insect or rodent-eating birds. There are other gains. Research with Faidherbia albida in Zambia showed that mature trees can sustain maize yields of 4.1 tonnes per hectare compared to 1.3 tonnes per hectare without these trees. Unlike other trees, Faidherbia sheds its nitrogen-rich leaves during the rainy crop growing season so it does not compete with the crop for light, nutrients and water. The leaves then regrow during the dry season and provide land cover and shade for crops.[7] Shade systems With shade applications, crops are purposely raised under tree canopies and within the resulting shady environment. For most uses, the understory crops are shade tolerant or the overstory trees have fairly open canopies. A conspicuous example is shade-grown coffee. This practice reduces weeding costs and increases the quality and taste of the coffee.[8][9] Crop-over-tree systems Not commonly encountered, crop-over-tree systems employ woody perennials in the role of a cover crop. For this, small shrubs or trees pruned to near ground level are utilized. The purpose, as with any cover crop, is to increase in-soil nutrients and/or to reduce soil erosion. Alley cropping With alley cropping, crop strips alternate with rows of closely spaced tree or hedge species. Normally, the trees are pruned before planting the crop. The cut leafy material is spread over the crop area to provide nutrients for the crop. In addition to nutrients, the hedges serve as windbreaks and eliminate soil erosion. Alley cropping has been shown to be advantagous in Africa, particularly in relation to improving maize yields in the sub-Saharan region. Use here relies upon the nitrogen fixing tree species Sesbania sesban, Tephrosia vogelii, Gliricidia sepium and Faidherbia albida. In one example, a ten-year experiment in Malawi showed that, by using fertilizer trees such as Tephrosia vogelii and Gliricidia sepium, maize yields averaged 3.7 tonnes per hectare as compared to one tonne per hectare in plots without fertilizer trees or mineral fertilizer.[10] Strip cropping Strip cropping is similar to alley cropping in that trees alternate with crops. The difference is that, with alley cropping, the trees are in single row. With strip cropping, the trees or shrubs are planted in wide strip. The purpose can be, as with alley cropping, to provide nutrients, in leaf form, to the crop. With strip cropping, the trees can have a purely productive role, providing fruits, nuts, etc. while, at the same time, protecting nearby crops from soil erosion and harmful winds. Fauna-based systems Silvopasture over the years (Australia). There are situations where trees benefit fauna. The most common examples are the silvopasture where cattle, goats, or sheep browse on grasses grown under trees.[11] In hot climates, the animals are less stressed and put on weight faster when grazing in a cooler, shaded environment. Other variations have these animals directly eating the leaves of trees or shrubs. There are similar systems for other types of fauna. Deer and hogs gain when living and feeding in a forest ecosystem, especially when the tree forage suits their dietary needs. Another variation, aquaforestry, is where trees shade fish ponds. In many cases, the fish eat the leaves or fruit from the trees. Boundary systems A riparian buffer bordering a river in Iowa. The are a number of applications that fall under the heading of a boundary system. These include the living fences, the riparian buffer, and windbreaks. †¢A living fence can be a thick hedge or fencing wire strung on living trees. In addition to restricting the movement of people and animals, living fences offer habitat to insect-eating birds and, in the case of a boundary hedge, slow soil erosion. †¢Riparian buffers are strips of permanent vegetation located along or near active watercourses or in ditches where water runoff concentrates. The purpose is to keep nutrients and soil from contaminating surface water. †¢Windbreaks reduce the velocity of the winds over and around crops. This increases yields through reduced drying of the crop and/or by preventing the crop from toppling in strong wind gusts. Taungyas Taungya is a system originating in Burma. In the initial stages of an orchard or tree plantation, the trees are small and widely spaced. The free space between the newly planted trees can accommodate a seasonal crop. Instead of costly weeding, the underutilized area provides an additional output and income. More complex taungyas use the between-tree space for a series of crops. The crops become more shade resistant as the tree canopies grow and the amount of sunlight reaching the ground declines. If a plantation is thinned in the latter stages, this opens further the between-tree cropping opportunities. Physical support systems In the long history of agriculture, trellises are comparatively recent. Before this, grapes and other vine crops were raised atop pruned trees. Variations of the physical support theme depend upon the type of vine. The advantages come through greater in-field biodiversity. In many cases, the control of weeds, diseases, and insect pests are a primary motive. Agroforests These are widely found in the humid tropics and are referenced by different names (forest gardening, forest farming, tropical home gardens and, where short-statured trees or shrubs dominate, shrub gardens). Agroforests, in many ways, epitomize agroforestry. Through a complex, disarrayed mix of trees, shrubs, vines, and seasonal crops, these systems, through their high levels of biodiversity, achieve the ecological dynamics of a forest ecosystem. Because of the internal ecology, they tend to be less susceptible to harmful insects, plant diseases, drought, and wind damage. Although they can be high yielding, complex systems tend to produce a large number of outputs. These are not utilized when a large volume of a single crop or output is required.

Strong contrast Essay Example

Strong contrast Essay Example Strong contrast Essay Strong contrast Essay It is extremely tense at this moment as the audience awaits Lindas response. However as the play flickers from story to story, Linda withdraws her hand and turns away. This is because she is in shock, although Linda subconsciously knew what Edwards emotions were, she hadnt admitted it to herself. She also distances herself from Eddie and the situation, to think things through. The declaration causes confusion in Lindas mind, it is obvious that she loves Mickey, but through the poverty and mundane life that she now leads, Edward is seen as a temptation. She sees Edward as having everything, money, parties, education, power, this in turn creates the illusion of perfection that Linda is immediately drawn to as a form of fantasy escapism from the bad aspects of her life. Ironically however, although Edward appears to have everything the one thing he desperately wants more than anything is Linda, the one thing he cant have. Edward portrays the image of a knight, coming to rescue her from her poor life, enhancing her fantasy. As an attempt to convince herself of a false love she says Iv always loved youin a way This pause creates a feeling of doubt and proves that what she is saying is not entirely genuine. She does love Edward, but she is not in love with him. She has always been Mickeys ever since she can remember and this is why she is tempted as she feels she is stuck in a lost rut, but like it is said early in the book, Linda and Mickey are the same this is part of what bonds them. Linda feels inferior to Edward and does not feel good enough for him, due to her upbringing and money situation. As Edward proposes, he grasps her waste, trying to gain intimacy, but the possibility of the high life soon vanishes as she realises it is not going to happen. Didnt mickey tell ya? With the statement of the marriage to Mickey and her pregnancy, this is confirmation of rejection. Edwards heart is broken, signified by the look of shock in his eyes and his head hanging down.  Linda does not have any direct eye contact with Edward throughout the entire scene because of guilt and because she knows the situation is not right. On the other side of the stage Mickey agrees to do the deal and accepts the money, this is another height of tension as it is obvious to the audience it is a bad omen. This is also emphasised through the same words happy New Year. in each section. This is in contrast as it is the opposite of what lies ahead. The narrator plays Edwards friends, to ensure the narrators presence is still strong on stage. The friends are placed on the other side of the stage with Edward to represent the other side/the rich side of his life. Edward is then dragged off and Linda says Ill see ya Eddie This is said quietly, out of regret for what might have been. This goodbye signifies a goodbye to their old platonic friendship and of their childhood and happy memories. Eddie is then frozen with his back to Linda to show him leaving and his anger at the fact he hadnt told her sooner. This is the staging for the next section of the scene:  The next section is of Mickey telling Linda hes takin her out. He begins the scene in the same way as Edward did with Linda. This is mirroring the fact they are both twin brothers and the same, but by Edward shouting and Mickey talking normally is also shows that they are in fact different and Edward is far more desperate for her.  There is a lot of distance between Linda and Mickey. Linda wants to distance herself from the situation and reality of what she has chosen to be with and Mickey because by distancing himself from Linda he is subconsciously distancing himself from the guilt he feels. Linda symbolises what is good and what is right, by the use of levels with him sitting down this not only portrays his guilt, but also him moving towards what is bad. He is excited about the prospect of money and speaks in a louder rushed, higher pitched voice in an attempt to convince himself that what he is doing is okay. When Linda starts saying What? Mickey gets jumpy and panicky and starts shouting at her, this is for a variety of reasons. He is using it as a defence mechanism. The second being that he feels he isnt good enough by not having any money and so is doing it for her but in return she isnt grateful and thirdly because he is looking to Linda to say it is okay and reassure him that it is all right. Linda is also angry, signified by her raising her voice and gesturing her hands, because she is taking out the situation between her and Eddie out on him. She shows this doubt by anger as she soon becomes suspicious what he is doing. When she hears Sammy, it confirms her fears of what work he is doing. Sammy appears on stage, and calls Mickeys name, but is not affected by the scene as he is not in it. This shows that although Mickey is there, he cannot see him as he has changed, by calling out to the audience it emphasises this. Mickey walks out, whilst Linda cries after him in desperation, anguish and helplessness.  This is how it is staged at the end:  Mickey is then frozen whilst walking off, mirroring how Edward is positioned on the other side. As the scenes are frozen, it shows a significant contrast to the beginning of the scene. The pace in the scene is very quick, as shown by the rapid speed in which lines are spoken between the two scenes, this is vital because it portrays how quickly things can turn and alternate from happiness to disaster. Linda is placed in the middle to represent how she is stuck in the middle and torn between the two of them. Throughout, Edward has used one half of the stage while Mickey has used the other, this is symbolic of the half of the womb they each shared before they were born. There is a lot of distance between them during the scenes as someone or two people are always placed between them, this shows the anger and resentment that they both feel and the barrier that money and Linda has caused. The narrator is dressed smartly to portray intelligence. He is dressed in black so that he appears subtle. By the white shirt and black jacket it represents a strong contrast. This is symbolic of the many contrasts in the play, right and wrong, rich and poor and the main contrast, Mickey and Edward, although they are both together. The narrator has been subtle yet dominant through the extract, now appears and speaks as the narrator. He tells the audience that No-ones getting off without the price being paid He steps closer to the audience to gain more impact. If lighting was used, it would be effective to have the narrator in the spotlight for added impact and the brothers in a dimmer spotlight as the audience can focus on what the narrator is saying and it can show who he is talking about. Whilst he talks, he talks in a toneless manner, which makes it more sinister, whilst he tells the prediction of what is ahead. The audience is cautious and apprehensible due to the for-telling. The narrator has said riddles like this throughout the play as a warning for the audience, and with both things for the brothers going wrong it becomes clearer that the climax is closer.

Physics Archimedes Principle Lab Report Essays

Physics Archimedes Principle Lab Report Essays Physics Archimedes Principle Lab Report Paper Physics Archimedes Principle Lab Report Paper The spring constant of the spring was multiplied by the displacement, and then divided by gravity. I Volume of Lead gel . 0 g/ coxcomb=9. Xx-4 gate volume of the rod was found by dividing the mass of the zinc rob and the density of the fluid (water). I Density of density of the unknown squid was found by dividing the mass of zinc rob by the volume of the zinc rod. I Discussion: The objective of this experiment was to measure the density of a solid and an unknown liquid by using one of the oldest principles, Archimedes principle. For part A of the experiment, we were able to use the spring constant found from the previous lab, in order to help determine the change in mass and volume of an object, and the density of an unknown liquid. The spring constant that was found from the previous lab was 0. 023 N/m. In part B of the experiment, we were able to determine the change in mass of he lead rod from the air to the water and the volume of the lead rod. After conducting five trials, we were able to find the change in mass of the lead rod by using the spring constant formula of F=xx. After modifying the formula to solve for mass, we were able to find the change in mass for each trial by multiplying the spring constant and displacement of the lead rod in air versus water, then dividing by gravity. The average change in mass was found to be 9. XIII-g. Once we had found the mass of the lead rod, we were able to find calculate the volume of the lead rod by modifying the buoyancy force formula to solve for the illume of the object. Find that formula, we divided the mass of the lead rod by the density of water as shown in the table of literature. The average volume of the lead rod was found to be 3. 22 cam. In part C of this experiment, we were able to determine the change in mass of the lead rod from air to an unknown liquid and the density of the unknown liquid. We used the same method in part B to calculate the change in mass of the lead rod. The average change in mass of the lead rod in the unknown liquid was found to be Since the volume of an object does not chang e when submerged n various liquids, we were able to use the average volume of the lead rod found in part B. Then, we were able to find the density of the unknown liquid by dividing the mass of the lead rod by the volume of the lead rod. Average density of the unknown liquid was found to be 1. 344 g/cam. Since the unknown liquid had an aroma of rubbing alcohol, we hypothesized that the unknown liquid was a mixture of rubbing alcohol and water. Using Archimedes principle, our hypothesis can be supported since the average density of the unknown liquid was 0843 g/ml. An alternative method for this experiment would be to set up he beaker so that the liquid level would be completely leveled, versus when a person lifts the beaker with an unleavened liquid level. Away a person could do this would be to place a book under the beaker with a leveled liquid level, so that the lead rod is equally and fully submerged in the liquid. Conclusion: The objective of this experiment was to determine the mass and volume of an object and the density of an unknown liquid using Archimedes Principle. For part A, we used the spring constant from the previous lab to help determine the mass of the lead rod in part B. The displacement of the lead rod from the air to the eater was found in order to help determine the average mass of the lead rod. The average change in mass of the lead rod from air to water was 9. Xx 0-g. The average volume of the lead rod was 9. Xx-CM. In part C an unknown liquid was used. A similar method was used to determine the average change in mass of the lead rod in the unknown liquid, which was found to be 7. Xx-g. Since the volume of an object does not change in different liquids, the volume of the object found in part B was used in part C to help determine the density of the unknown liquid. The density of the unknown liquid was 0. Egg/ml.

Bamboo in the Wind by Azucena Uranza

Bamboo in the Wind by Azucena Uranza CN: 14 Teng, Marc Gabriel Kiac 16 December 2013H.S. IV-DBamboo in the WindFrom the title itself, 'Bamboo in the Wind' indicates the Filipinos' resilience, just as a bamboo tends to bend with the wind. Although the plot revolves around the Marcos' regime, the cast of characters is able to cope with the changes in the society. In the novel, the character of Larry depicts the idealism turned to realism due to his resilience in the awakening of the Filipinos from their idyllic dream of a better Philippines, especially in the means to do so.Returning from the United States, the land of dreams, Larry begins as an idealist because a man's ideal dream is to live a life that's happily ever after, evident from the text"He had been eager to leave at first. But when the time drew near, he wanted to give up, preferring to stay and work.Bacolod Public Plaza during bicycle races in 1901,...In the U.S., he worked for a while after getting his degree but found no point in prolonging his stay in a for eign land. His place was home. And here he was, he thought happily, home at last, starting a new life, like a rebirth."Furthermore, although he says the line to Connie "I can't be expected to fall in love with a political entity called a nation," his actions do not reflect his words; in fact, it is even Connie who informs Larry of the political situation, which is exemplified in the lines of Connie,"Why should the government be so lavish in its so-called cultural programs, why should we at Holy Trinity pour out a lot of money on so much nonsense, while Jenny languished in Sta. Monica to grow up illiterate because the government and citizens like us can't afford or...

M5 Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

M5 Reflection - Essay Example In trying to work with schools, parents face various challenges as in some cases they are not given a chance to participate wholly in the activities that affect the student regardless of the academic goals they may have for their children. Parents seek to be more involved in the classroom and the school through ensuring what their involvement in what the students learn in school by encouraging two-way communications with the learning institution (Epstein, 2007). The parents can increase the participation of the community in the activities of the school or the community through arranging flexible time for volunteers, making sure leadership roles have been filled by parents and providing information on time among other activities (Marshall & Toohey, 2010). The parents should be able to believe in and make a commitment to including all the stakeholders including the school and the community to create a collaborative learning community, which can promote academic achievement for everyone. The parents should further value and have a commitment to implementing shared visions with the school and the community so that they can promote lifelong learning for the students as well as the community in

Incentive Plans Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Incentive Plans Paper - Essay Example It operates in several countries and explores natural products from six continents. â€Å"ExxonMobil’s asset base is large, geographically diverse, and economically robust across a range of business environments. The company holds exploration and production acreage in 36 countries and production operations in 24 countries around the world.† (Company profile: Upstream, 2007). Attractive incentive and compensation plans are essential for attaining company targets and retaining qualified executives and employees. Appropriate and adequate incentive plans, if properly implemented, will motivate employees and will increase productivity. â€Å"The right incentive plan properly implemented can motivate employees, increase productivity and allow the employer to differentiate pay given to high performers.† (Performance plans: Performance based incentive plans, 2007). Managers have developed performance measurement tools and assess the successful decision making variables which is crucial to the organizational objective. Performance is evaluated individually to reward individual performance. In an organization, performance can be of both individual as well as corporate. ExxonMobil offers performance based rewards on attaining individual responsibility. Individual performance is the ability of the executives to implement business plans and to meet unanticipated events towards the objective of organization. ExxonMobil provides base compensation for all executives, including the CEO. ExxonMobils compensation plan is designed in such a way that it rewards and motivates the executives which helps in retaining the best talents in the organization. The fact that success of an organization depends on developing, motivating and retaining best talents who have the skills, abilities and expertise to lead a complex global organization. ExxonMobil is proved to be successful in their incentive plans which are designed to motivate, develop and retain

Strategy for BP investment in Norway Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy for BP investment in Norway - Case Study Example This investment strategy has been especially popular in the last thirty years. For example, joint ventures between European firms and foreign-based firms have increased by almost 30% since 1985 (Hess & Siegwart, 2013). While not all joint ventures in the oil and gas industry have been successful in the past, BP should use a joint venture for several reasons, most importantly because of the capital-intensive nature of the oil and gas industry. Using the joint venture strategy has become popular for oil and gas companies operating in foreign markets because it saves money. Along with metals processing and mineral extraction, oil and gas exploration and development is a capital intensive industry. Since Norways oil and gas industry is already well-developed, financing such an investment on its own would be a risky undertaking for BP, necessitating the use of a joint venture strategy to share costs and risk, as well as create economies of scale (Grandell et al, 2011). In addition, BP should use a joint venture strategy because of the high costs that will be involved in continuing their operations in such a capital-intensive industry. BP and other petroleum companies are heavily dependent on technology advances so as to achieve lower costs. A joint venture should enable BP to pool its personnel and funds with a Norwegian company with knowledge about the Norwegian petroleum sector in developing advanced technologies, specifica lly to reduce production and exploration costs, while also increasing profit margins. Ideally, BP and its Norwegian partner will contribute roughly the same amount of capital and resources into the joint venture, although Norway does not allow foreign companies to own majority stakes in their oil sector (Grandell et al, 2011). International financial institutions like the WTO, World Bank, and the IMF have been heavily involved in fostering international

How HR managers should best staff their new subsidiary Essay

How HR managers should best staff their new subsidiary - Essay Example x-patriots is oftentimes seen in a negative light by the host nation; either through the understanding that their own human resources are too expensive or otherwise not suited to the task at hand. Another potentially negative drawback from utilizing ex-patriots as a means of fulfilling certain needs and expanding a given business within certain geographical region has to do with the danger that these ex-patriots might not fully recognize all of the cultural nuances that are part and parcel of the way in which business is conducted within such a locale. The inherent harm that is affected within such a situation is that expatriates might be totally and completely clueless with respect to the cultural norms that underscore effective business negotiation and development within a given international space. As can be seen from the information thus far discussed, it is of inherent importance that a firm seeking to expand within an international market space should carefully consider the iss ue of human resource allocations and whether or not they will be brought in from the external environment or they will be leveraged from the internal environment. The case in question illustrates a situation faced by Las Vegas Sands Corp-one of the largest gambling companies in the entire world. As such, the firm is seeking an international expansion within Japan; in anticipation for the expected legalization of gambling in 2015. As no other entrants into this market currently exists, the firm hopes to effect a dominating position as the first to effectively establish a base of operations and market presence within the nation of Japan. However, before this can be affected, the firm faces a fundamental issue with respect to where it will draw its human resources from. Three choices are essentially represented; two of which involve leveraging ex-patriots from either the Las Vegas corporate office or employees at the Macau branch of the firm. The third choice is that the employees for

Discuss how the molecular clock hypothesis (gene clock, evolutionary Essay

Discuss how the molecular clock hypothesis (gene clock, evolutionary clock, or molecular clock) can be used to explain the diver - Essay Example This paper will discuss the manner in which the molecular clock hypothesis can be utilised to explain the divergence evident in species. The molecular clock hypothesis focuses on the idea that molecular evolution typically takes place at a roughly uniform rate over the course of time. The molecular clock bases its processes on the contention that to date the materialization of different species, it is assumed that the degree of molecular evolution is primarily homogeneous among duplicable proteins as well as species. The molecular clock, which focuses on the molecular clock hypothesis, refers to a system used in molecular evolution, which utilises fossil constraints, and the extent of molecular change achieved to foresee the time in geologic history when taxa diverged or two independent species diverged. In essence, the molecular clock approximates when key events such as radiation and speciation took place. The molecular information used to make these calculations primarily include nucleotide sequences for amino acid and DNA sequences in proteins (Ayala 1996, p. 11731). The molecular clock is also from time to time referred to as the evolutionary clock or gene clock. Rather than calculating hours, minutes and seconds, the molecular clock computes the extent of mutations and changes that build up within the genetic order of various species over time. This means that evolutionary biologists can take advantage of this data to conclude the method through which species evolve, and to construe the time when two species diverged, particularly with regard to the evolutionary timeline. The molecular clock is comparable to a normal wristwatch so as to appreciate how the molecular clock works in providing information on the divergence of species. Notably, while a wristwatch measures time from ticks, which are essentially regular changes in time (seconds), a molecular clock, on the other hand, measures time using random changes such as DNA mutations. The originators of th e molecular clock, biologist Emile Zucherkandl and chemist Linus Pauling posit that the concept of the molecular clock centres on the notion that although genetic mutations take place rather randomly, they typically occur at a moderately constant rate. As a consequence, the number of differences noted between any two gene sequences continues to increase with time. This led to the conception that the degree of mutations within a certain DNA stretch can be used effectively to measure the time of species divergence (Britten 1986, p. 1394). However, similar to other clocks, the molecular clock also needs to be calibrated. Therefore, setting a molecular clock starts with known information such as the fossil record for a certain species. Subsequently, when the rate of mutation is ascertained, calculating the species’ divergence time becomes rather straightforward. For instance, if the rate of mutation in a certain species is five every millennium and 25 mutations exist in the speci es’ DNA, then it becomes quite clear that the species’ sequences diverged five million years ago. A prominent element of molecular clocks

How HR managers should best staff their new subsidiary Essay

How HR managers should best staff their new subsidiary - Essay Example x-patriots is oftentimes seen in a negative light by the host nation; either through the understanding that their own human resources are too expensive or otherwise not suited to the task at hand. Another potentially negative drawback from utilizing ex-patriots as a means of fulfilling certain needs and expanding a given business within certain geographical region has to do with the danger that these ex-patriots might not fully recognize all of the cultural nuances that are part and parcel of the way in which business is conducted within such a locale. The inherent harm that is affected within such a situation is that expatriates might be totally and completely clueless with respect to the cultural norms that underscore effective business negotiation and development within a given international space. As can be seen from the information thus far discussed, it is of inherent importance that a firm seeking to expand within an international market space should carefully consider the iss ue of human resource allocations and whether or not they will be brought in from the external environment or they will be leveraged from the internal environment. The case in question illustrates a situation faced by Las Vegas Sands Corp-one of the largest gambling companies in the entire world. As such, the firm is seeking an international expansion within Japan; in anticipation for the expected legalization of gambling in 2015. As no other entrants into this market currently exists, the firm hopes to effect a dominating position as the first to effectively establish a base of operations and market presence within the nation of Japan. However, before this can be affected, the firm faces a fundamental issue with respect to where it will draw its human resources from. Three choices are essentially represented; two of which involve leveraging ex-patriots from either the Las Vegas corporate office or employees at the Macau branch of the firm. The third choice is that the employees for

P.T. Barnum's Cruelty within the Circus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

P.T. Barnum's Cruelty within the Circus - Essay Example From time to time, he was indicted of being misleading and encouraging bogus publicity. He just modified the truth and made it appear more attractive. He was aware of what America required and he delivered exactly the same. This paper sheds light on animal abuse and violence in circus, with special reference to P. T. Barnum’s circus and its cruel behavior with elephants, particularly ‘Jumbo’ - a big, 13000-pound African Elephant. Jumbo was a huge ‘sensation’ in the London Zoo. During the period of 16 years he gave rides to thousands of kids on his back and pleased people with his naughty, humorous nature. However, surreptitiously the enormous creature - Jumbo - terrified zoo representatives with bad temper - and it appeared that just the similarly disobedient Scott could handle him. Therefore, the London Zoo management sold Jumbo and shipped him - along with Scott - to P.T. Barnum for his well-known circus. One may have doubted how the Barnum circus m akes a 13000-pound Jumbo to carry out tricks such as â€Å"sitting up or standing on his or her head† (Coup, p. 22). It is by means of ruthless behavior of trainers. The well-known circus shatters the strength of elephants when they are defenseless kids who should be staying with their mothers. They had a life of slavery from the second they came into this world: all innate movements, all senses and way of being is shattered, by means of bull hooks, ropes as well as electric shock. In the year 1885, during the tour of Canada, Jumbo was hit by a cargo train and killed on the spot. Barnum's subsequent test was to modify public feelings with reference to the theater. Generally considered as ‘places of wickedness’, Barnum desired to place them as fortresses of learning as well as amusement, and as ‘highly regarded’ middle-class hobby. He constructed the city's biggest as well as most ‘up to date’ theater, which was named as â€Å"Moral Lect ure Room† (Hartzman, p. 111). Circus Cruelty During the year 1882, P.T. Barnum gave 10,000 USD to buy Jumbo, the most renowned elephant around the world, chained up like ‘Houdini’, â€Å"stuffed into a crate and sailed across the ocean to New York City† (Bartholomew, p. 89). Barnum purchased Jumbo inexpensively because - not known to him but known to Zoo keepers in London - â€Å"the elephant had gone bonkers† (Bartholomew, p. 89). Jumbo had turn out to be such a danger that his possessors were afraid for the protection of a number of kids riding on his back. One of these rides had an asthmatic Teddy Roosevelt, who, possibly shocked by the incident, would later attacked and killed four elephants in less than five minutes while on safari in British East Africa (Bartholomew, p. 96). Jumbo was so devastated by his journey through ocean, detained within his barred enclosure, which his trainer had to get him intoxicated. In view of the fact that alcoholic drinks were previously a part his standard food, making the elephant to gulp down a few buckets of whiskey was not a difficult task. Following three years Barnum got his reward elephant, Jumbo â€Å"met his end† (Bartholomew, p. 96) during a direct collision with an ‘off-schedule locomotive’. The calamity took place as the animals were entering into the boxcars to go to the next town. A roaming circus is simply a headache and nothing else, particularly when one is using inflexible, unpredictable creatures like lions as well as

Hurricanes in New York Essay Example for Free

Hurricanes in New York Essay Hurricanes are weather systems that have winds faster than 119 km/hr, brought by intense rotation, gaining momentum as it is formed in the sea. It originates and builds up over tropical oceanic regions. These hurricanes are relatively smaller than storms, usually having about 500km in diameter. When it is above a body of water, the air moves in a counterclockwise direction, but at the top of the storm, the winds are following a clockwise direction (What Is a Hurricane? ). Just recently, hurricanes devastated several states in the United States; including the great damage it brought to New Orleans and many more. Hurricanes are forces of nature that no man can stop. It is a great force of nature that no man can go against with. No matter how industrialized the place is, no matter how many high rising buildings you have, it a hurricane will hit you, it will. As studies show, the next place a hurricane could hit can be New York City. Unusual target. â€Å"Shortly before dawn on Friday, September 1st, weather services carried the news that everyone had been dreading major storm, Hurricane Ella, was off Cape Hatteras and heading for New York. At 6:30 A. M., an emergency-planning group convened at the command center in Robertsons office. †(MORGENSTERN) New York City, considered as one of Americas most developed urban area yet is not as safe as anyone thinks when it comes to a natural disaster like that of a hurricane. No one can imagine how a center of development and commerce, rich with large corporate enterprises and humungous buildings could be devastated by a natural phenomenon. History of Hurricanes in New York New York has a very â€Å"colorful† history when it comes to hurricanes, even though it rarely meets one. Way back in 1821, an enormous hurricane made its presence felt when it went head on with Manhattan, leaving residents in great shock when they saw the sea levels rising more than ten feet in less than an hour. Everything was trashed away by the hurricane, flooding may streets including Canal Street. Experts say that the only thing that stopped the hurricane from completely destroying the city was it happened during a low tide. If it happened on a high tide, it would have brought a lot of water and would have flooded the city more. In August of 1893, an entire island got wiped of the map of New York completely. It was the Hog Island, an island the shape of a pig, which runs for more than a mile in the coast south of the Rockaways. It was developed right after the Civil war, wherein many structures were built, like saloons, bathhouses and gambling areas. It was developed for some prominent people, a place where they can relax when they are away from work. Then, disaster struck. It was one big event, wherein it took a lot from the people. It destroyed and sunk boats on the dock or out on sea, killing hundreds of sailors. It destroyed a lot of residential areas, uprooted many trees, and literally wiped the entire Hog’s Island. It was as high as 30 feet, sweeping through Brooklyn, Queens, and other areas nearby destroying anything in its path. Hog’s Island was the first situation wherein a hurricane literally removed an entire island (Britt). New York Hurricane Statistics â€Å"His figures told him that such an event had a statistical probability of occurring as often as once every sixteen yearswhat meteorologists call a sixteen-year storm. † (MORGENSTERN) According to statistics, storms usually come to New York in a sixteen-year basis. Within 16 years, there is a chance that one hurricane would pass New York’s vicinity. But storms with the strength like that which swept Hog’s Island is said to hit New York in a span of 75 years or more. But after the incident on Hog’s, another massive hurricane swept the city, which is a lot sooner, not following the 75 year sequence. That hurricane was known as the Long Island Express. Long Island wasn’t populated that much yet, so if that same hurricane struck the place again; it would surely raise a lot of panic and fear, because of its strength, with winds that go for 183 miles per hour. A major hurricane in New York would surely stir things up. About 78. 5% of New Yorkers in the coastal areas have never experienced a major hurricane ever in their lives. It is deemed that in the next 50 years, there is a 73% chance that New York City will be hit by a hurricane. But when it comes to a major, greatly destructive hurricane, there is a 26 % chance that New York will get hit in the next 50 years. With these statistics, hopefully, it would help people in staying alert, being prepared if anything goes wrong, if ever another super hurricane would come their way (Mandia). Experts believe that New York City is one of the most dangerous cities that could get the next hurricane disaster. They say that New York is already in third place, following Miami, and New Orleans. These two were heavily devastated by hurricanes in the previous years. Engineering experts say that New York poses a potentially lethal features and characteristics. The bridges in New York are placed so high that it could easily get trashed by pre-hurricane winds, which means that these possible escape routes would be destroyed even before the hurricanes are actually in New York, trapping all the civilians in the city. This decreases the possibility of evacuation, thus a big possibility for a lot of lives to be lost. It is said that in a category 4 hurricane, JFK International Airport would be submerged in 20 feet of water. The cost of hurricane damages Experts say that if hurricanes of the past would happen today, the New York City regions would suffer great financial losses. It is an estimated $18 billion worth of damages if ever disasters like this would likely to happen. Hurricanes are to blame for about 70% of insure property loss in the United States. New York’s coastal state is second in terms of insured coastal property, following Florida, so this means that surely, hurricanes would put a great impact on the economy, not only for New York but also for America, and maybe, the world (Naparstek). Hurricanes and the economy. Experts warn that if ever a hurricane makes contact to or anywhere near New York, it would surely affect the economy, for New York is the largest, one of the most productive urban center in the United States. A hurricane attack, even a low category one, would already flood the runways of the JFK International Airport, thus causing a major stir in the flights, of possible investors or investments coming and going out of the area. It could also flood the streets of Manhattan, depending on how it formed and came, and the tides, whether it is high tide or low tide. It could also cause a lot of damages in the buildings and other infrastructure in the highly urbanized area. These losses are of great importance to marketing and finance, and could surely create an upset. New York is a worldwide center when it comes to finance, it is already an institution. It also has a very large effect on national and international commerce. If ever one hurricane would hit New York making its ports closed, the New York Stock exchange would really suffer. A week of closure would surely damage the economy of America, worse than hurricane Katrina’s effect (Drye). Conclusion From Tropical Storms, to low-category hurricanes, to major devastating hurricanes like hurricane Katrina and Long Island Express, they’re all the same. They could all bring bad things; the only difference is the intensity of the damage. They are forces of nature in which man cannot contend with, the only thing that we can do is to be prepared. It is the key for survival, and the key for the reduction of losses we could experience. References: Britt, Robert Roy. History Reveals Hurricane Threat to New York City. 2005. LiveScience. http://www. livescience. com/forcesofnature/050601_hurricane_1938. html. Drye, Willie. Hurricane Could Devastate New York, U. S. Economy, Experts Warn. 2006. National Geographic Society. http://news. nationalgeographic. com/news/2006/05/060519_hurricanes. html. Mandia, Scott A. Whats in Store for New Yorks Future? 2003. http://www2. sunysuffolk. edu/mandias/38hurricane/hurricane_future. html. MORGENSTERN, JOE. The Fifty-Nine-Story Crisis. 1995. http://www. duke. edu/~hpgavin/ce131/citicorp1. htm. Naparstek, Aaron. Storm Tracker. 2005. http://nymag. com/nymetro/news/people/columns/intelligencer/12908/. What Is a Hurricane? 2001. http://www.comet.ucar.edu/nsflab/web/hurricane/311.htm

Examining the Business Plan of Blue CNG station

Examining the Business Plan of Blue CNG station This report is about the business plan of a CNG station which is located in Peshawar Pakistan and is prepared by Syed Behram Bin Nasir. In this ill try to do the industrial, production plan, operational plan, organizational plan and marketing plan Industry Analysis: In the beginning ill start with the industrial analysis in which ill explain the current situation of the CNG industry how it is making an impact in the petroleum sector and future of the this specific industry how new trends will effect it, what strategies to make that will ensure us to be competitive with the market we are in and how can we make it different from other competition. After that an over view on how to we can utilize our resources and make out business more efficient and then to come up with proper marketing strategies to forecast the demand of CNG in the true market. NATURE OF BUSINESS Products Size of business Equipment Personal Services PRODUCTION PLAN Manufacturing Operations Plans Supplier OPERATIONAL PLAN Head offices and Regional plant Goods and services Utilization of technology ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN Partnership business Private limited Employees responsibility Mission and vision MARKETING PLAN It is one of the most important part of the business plan in which we decide which marketing plans to implement and what strategies to make, how the business can be run efficiently. The main purpose of the marketing plan is how the product or the service be distributed, priced and promoted. Environmental analysis Pest analysis Swot analysis Porters five forces Matketing goals Marketing strategies Marketing mix Budget decisions FINANCIAL PLAN Sources of finance Income statement Balance sheet Funds Ratios RISK ASSESSMENT In this we identify the threats to a business which are mainly the potential threats and making a strategies how to minimize the risk of threats and making the business to a progressive and profitable road. INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS CNG is one of those resources which are abundantly available in our country. The country is using petroleum products for a very long because they before they didnt had any alternative and also the country spending a lot of its foreign exchange of buying the petroleum products, so it was important for the government to come up with a substitute which can help the people and also help them decrease the large amount of foreign exchange they are spending on buying the petroleum products. Due to this step by the govt already almost 600,000 cars are already on CNG. Due to a large difference in the prices of CNG and petroleum products a lot of people are converting their cars on to CNG. From an analysis made already there are 2500 hundred CNG stations currently working in the country and already the demand is more then CNG pumps has to offer. The total amount for setting up a CNG pump station is about 30.22 million which includes the land, building, equipment and machinery, along with the p reliminary expenses and working capital. CNG POLICY The Government of Pakistan has offered number of incentives for encouraging the use of CNG in the country. Some of these are summarized below: Strong Government commitment to promote CNG use Liberal policy to provide license for CNG retailing Deregulated market consumer price of CNG Natural gas tariff for CNG linked to petrol Priority of natural gas connection to CNG stations Exemption of import duty and sales tax. Federal cabinet also proved a package of incentives and recommendations for replacement of diesel oil with CNG. This has provided a boost to the industry and so far, more than 2.5 million vehicles have been converted to CNG and more than 3100 CNG stations are operational in different parts of the country (As on May, 2010). With these developments  Pakistan  has become the leading CNG using country in the world.  HDIP is promoting and offering consultancy services to the private sector which include the whole range of activities like formation of company, selection of sites, legal formalities, design of stations, specifications and sizing of equipment, selection of equipment, selection of contractor, training of manpower, commissioning and supervision, etc., depending upon the clients needs. HDIP with approval of the Ministry has developed the following procedure for establishment of CNG Stations. http://202.83.164.26/wps/portal/Mopnr/!ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_hQN68AZ3dnIwMD3wAXAyNTPxc_E1NjINdYvyDbUREALPdBpw!!/?PC_7_OFLO9FH20GDHE02DCQKDP72HM7_WCM_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/MopnrCL/ministry/sageneral/hdipifuel MARKET DEMAND Keeping in mind the current situation of Pakistan we know how important transport has become and its only travelling that people can travel from one to another transport has become the main source of transporting goods. In a survey 2006 2007 it was told that the population of Pakistan is increasing 2.0% per anum which means almost 3.2 million people, with this increase every year the number of vehicles also increased which increased the demand of petroleum throughout the country. According to GOP analysis the consumption of CNG and petroleum products are almost to a sky high 70% where electricity is 15% LPG is 8% and coal is also 8% and the other used in other areas including residential areas. http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/11-81d0c282bc/000.jpg In the 1990s the demand for petroleum increased by 7% per anum and the came down to 2.5% by the end of the 1990 and then again by the end of the 2008 2009 it increased again to a sky high 9.7%. http://htmlimg3.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/12-e24e59ea45/000.jpg ANALYSIS OF COMPETITORS In pakistan major portion of the CNG sector is taken by the PSO and its around 60 tp 65 % and the rest of the portion has other companies like Shell, Attock, Caltex and Total. http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/13-dc7de4ac1c/000.png BUSINESS DESCRIPTION Products Services CNG LPG Size Of Business A CNG business has less number of people mainly from 8 to 12 as compared with capital invested. http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/14-f2b642991a/000.png Office Equipment Office Control room Cylinder storage room Shed for dispenser Washroom Under ground piping Power cables Flooring Construction Cost http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/15-996ef3ad4b/000.png EQUIPMENT Equipment needed for a CNG station Gas compressor Electric control panel Storage cascade CNG dispenser PERSONNEL REQUIREMENT By personnel we mean people who will work in a CNG pump which includes cashier, manager, operator, accountant, watchman and sweeper. A total of 12 to 15 people are needed for the two shifts for a CNG station and a brief idea how their salaries would be are below: http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/16-fff5287002/001.jpg BACK GROUND OF CNG IN PAKISTAN The word CNG means compressed natural gas, one of the first environmental clean. This gas is majorly used in homes as fuel also in industries and factories. Basically when we compress gas to a level of 250 bar it becomes CNG. According to a survey in 2006 2007 CNG industries invested a handsome amount of 70 million because of the encouraging policies of the government so make CNG more and more accessible for the people of Pakistan. Now a days almost 2700 CNG stations are working in different cities of Pakistan and its not stopping in a span of 3 to 4 years another 1000 stations will be installed and because of this rapid growth around 30000 people got employed across the country. According to a survey conducted by the international gas association Pakistan is the third largest consumer of CNG after Brazil and Argentina and in Asia Pakistan largest consumer of CNG with over just in 2009 approximately 2 million people converted there cars on to CNG. PRODUCTION PLAN For opening a CNG station need to go through few essential steps which should fulfill the criteria of the oil marketing company Application A person who is interested in opening a CNG station has to submit an application to the oil marketing company to take in notice that he wants to use his land as a supplier of CNG and needs the permission of the government to help him install the station and use it to sell oil products and services Feasibility Study Oil marketing company after excepting the application then checks credibility of the applicant both social, financial and skills and then a feasibility report is conducted by the oil marketing companys expert checks the viability of applicants land with respect to the location. After fulfilling the feasibility criteria of the project, the oil marketing company signs a retailer ship agreement with the applicants takes the applicants land and acquires it on rental lease base for a minimum time period of 15 years. The rent is a normal amount based on the location of the land. NOC (No Objection Certificate) After signing an agreement with the oil marketing company an expert draws a map for the sight representing the structure of the sight and then the application is submitted to the district coordinator officer which then issues a no objection certificate after talking to the concern department who after few meeting decide if the NOC should be issued or not. The following departments are as follows: Concerned district authority Planning authority Traffic police Department of civil Defense National high way authorities Central board of revenue Civil administration Irrigation officer Forest department CONSTRUCTION PHASE After the permission the infra structure has to be started according to the approved map made by the expert earlier. The cost is only shared by the applicant and oil marketing company. The cost of the machinery and equipment is paid by the company and rest of the civil work cost is on the business owner. After completion the sight is visited by an expert from the oil marketing company to check if its made according to the standards of health and safety issues. PROCESS FLOW CHART http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/19-1a7ddf4525/000.jpg NATURAL GAS PROCESSING http://htmlimg3.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/20-b4956e05fd/000.png Name Of Suppliers The central board of revenue also known as CBR has made a list of suppliers who provide cylinders, compressors, CNG vehicle cylinders, CNG machinery and conversion kits. http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/21-ac6394650f/000.png OPERATIONAL PLAN Compressors It is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of the gas by decreasing its volume, a compressor is same as a pump both decrease the volume and both can travel through a pipe. Pressure regulator Regulates pressure of CNG to the engine and has different stages through which the engine can be tuned according to consumption of the engine and give a steady performance. Filling valve Multi valve with quick closing device that keeps the CNG stored in the cylinder. Through this valve the vehicle is refueled. Mixer This is a device used to control the amount of CNG inside the engine , setting the ideal gas pressure for smooth running of the engine. Electronic Unit Helps in enabling the correct pressure of gas, it controls sensors to improve the mixture. Ventilation system A safety equipment which helps in the ventilation of the system Connection Tubes CNG cylinder is connected to strong and hard pipes and also connects to the engine. Filling Valve A device which helps the CNG to be stored in the cylinder and the vehicle is also refueled through this valve. ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN Form of Owner Ship It could be proprietorship or partnership depending on the amount of cash or investment involved in the business Name of The Business The nature of the business is private limited so there is no need of the government to come in and issue a name. Identification of the Ownership Ownership is only in the hand of the person who will start the business or in the hands of the partners in case the business is a partnership based. Responsibilities of Employees Fueling the vehicles Selling the lubricants Counting and accepting the cash Operating the machinery Cash management Book keeping MARKETING PLAN Mission vision Vision To make 10 more stations in the next 10 to 15 years all across the country mainly in the larger cities of Pakistan. Mission High quality compressed gas for transportation which should be environmental friendly, gives economical advantages and support the government to help give good services to the people of the country Situation Analysis This analysis is usually done to find out which environmental forces are effecting or which factors are effecting the business and then coming up with a strategy to minimize the effect of these strategies. General Overview Natural Gas is one of the most valuable natural resources abundantly available in our country. The people of Pakistan have been using the petroleum products as a fuel in their automobiles, thus spending a huge amount of foreign exchange on import of petroleum products. Moreover, the Government of Pakistan has taken certain concrete steps in order to promote the use of natural gas as a fuel substitute in the automobiles. Due to the efforts made by the Government and comparatively low prices of gas, more than60 0 ,00 0* vehicles have already been converted to operate on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fueling system all over Pakistan. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is produced when the natural gas is compressed into cylinders to be used as a fuel in the automobiles. The compressed natural gas has been used as an automobile fuel since 1940, and over the years, the technology has been modified and refined. In the recent years, the usage of CNG as an automobile fuel has significantly increased because of its low cost and environment friendly nature. Pollution and Waste Management Recent studies have identified pollution caused by hazardous gas emissions and solid waste as a key environmental issue confronting Pakistan, with significant health implications. A substantial increase in the number of vehicles on urban roads continues to drive up levels of urban air pollution. Common gases emitted by vehicles include carbon mon-oxide, nitrous oxides, and ozone, and are dangerous to human health beyond certain levels of concentration. Poly-aromatic hydrocarbons released by diesel-powered vehicles are known carcinogens, while smoke from diesel engines has aggravated already elevated levels of airborne soot. Nitrous oxides are emerging air pollutants with the highest concentrations recorded in Karachi, followed by Lahore, Quetta, Peshawar, and Islamabad (Figure 3). Industries located in urban areas are the main source of sulfur dioxide (dangerous to human, animal, and plant life) while brick kilns powered by low-grade coal are notable sources of soot. Pest analysis A helpful way to understand the big picture of Political, Economic, Socio-cultural and Technological environment. By making good use of PEST analysis, it is ensured that what is going to be done is aligned positively with powerful forces of change. It helps in operating in a new country or region and helps in understanding the realities of that environment. It helps in strategy formation in a sense that these factors (Uncontrollable environmental forces) must be kept in view, which may lead to failure if ignored. The position of PEST analysis in understanding the overall picture of environment can be described by the following diagram: http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/29-ad08c88882/000.png Situation analysis  in which political-legal (government stability, spending,  taxation, etc.),  economic  (inflation, interest,  unemployment, etc.), socio-cultural (demographics,  education,  income distribution, etc.), and technological (knowledge  generation,  conversion  ofdiscoveries  into  products,  rates  of  obsolescence, etc.)factors  are examined to  chart  an  organizations  term plans. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/PEST-analysis.html. Political Government agencies and pressure groups have a strong effect upon the activities of any organization in a society. Political environment strongly affects the marketing decisions. The political stability of a country has its impact on the consistency of policies of local government. Importance of public interest groups and business regulations can be found from the political environment. Nations vary greatly in their political and legal environment. Sometimes, a government can decide violently to respond a popular feeling even without a change. Any new policy can be introduced regarding tax and trade and tariff control etc. This may give benefits to the organization but the thing matters is that how they handle business and financial matters in such unexpected and sudden changes? Political trends may not be of as much importance in stable governments as they are in weak ones, although they can have a significant impact on business. For example, in the United States, the companies in the business of providing social services can have more opportunities when Democrats are in power. Political decisions like awarding of subsidies to any sector either directly in the form of grants or through tax incentives can impact the industry circumstance. Economic Economic environment is usually analyzed by keeping in view the following economic indicators: employment, consumer price index, housing starts, personal income, saving rate, industrial production, capacity utilization and productivity etc. Although the gap between living standards of well-developed Western and developing Asian countries is lessening, yet the uncertain economic climate in the Asian economies has important implications for international marketers. Organizations determine that how these changing incomes affect purchasing power and how they adopt it for the firms profitability. Social Each country has its own set of values and traditions. The companies must know that how consumers in different countries think and use different products before planning a marketing program. All the positive and negative impacts which a culture may cause must be identified. There might be different dimensions of culture like the social organization of society, religion, literacy levels, political systems and language. Social factors also influence behavior of consumers. A persons family, friends and social organizations strongly affect product and brand choices. The persons position within each group can be defined in terms of role and status. A buyer chooses products and brands that reflect his or her role and status. Technological Market is changing radically as a result of technology. There are three different aspects of technology: type of technology, its process, and the impetus for its development. Type of technology preferred by a company is dedicated by its interest. Technological environment may be the most dramatic force in changing the working style and destiny of the firms. Technology is changing rapidly and every new technology replaces an older one. New markets and opportunities are created by new technologies the marketers should watch these trends in technology in order to compete. Companies which fail to anticipate and keep up with technological change find their products outdated soon. Firms must track technological trends and determine that whether their product is fulfilling the customers demands still or not. Some major factors of the technical environment are automation, rate of change of technology, internet and communication costs. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths One of the major strengths that a business can have is mainly its location because a CNG station is all about its location how accessible it is for the consumers. Choice of equipment used by a CNG station is also an important factor which can help the business achieve more profits, the more user friendly it is the more it will be trusted by the staff and people coming to the station to fill up their cars. Weakness Lacking experience Supply of gas Skilled workers Opportunities Cheaper than petroleum products for the consumers Imposition of sales tax and customs Threats Saturated market due to large number of stations made every year. Increase in gas prices by government. PORTERS 5 FORCES http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/35-b6cf4245b4/000.png Ten year plan http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/36-8f8a3b8fec/000.png Market demand At present there are more than 3000000  vehicles, which have been converted to CNG fuel, and a large number of vehicles are further being converted. Due to the increasing prices of petroleum products, the trend of converting cars to CNG fueling system has been on a rise. However, there exist a large number of people who were reluctant to convert their vehicles from petrol to gas due to safety concerns. recently, many car manufacturers have started manufacturing the cars with built-in CNG fueling system. This change has led to enhancing the confidence in the minds of the general public regarding the safety concerns, and now, more people are inclined towards purchasing these factory-fitted CNG fueling system cars. Market Supply: Total number of CNG stations in Pakistan is only over 2700, which is quite low for meeting the growing demand of CNG. Apart from these 2700 CNG stations, many new CNG stations are being setup across the country. Price Mechanism http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/37-476443a5f3/001.jpg Promotion strategy Advertising through cable tv ads. Pump flits and banners Loyal customers Giving visiting cards to every customer who fills up Workers as medium of advertisement Organize seminars Financial Plan http://htmlimg3.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/38-63016812a5/000.jpg Projected Balance Sheet http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/40-d42fa66c4f/000.jpg Projected Cash Flow Statement http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/41-1bf688a251/000.jpg Cost of Sales http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/43-9f50728424/000.png Working Capital http://htmlimg4.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/44-4747eda23d/000.png Risk Assessment Inflation Rate: 10% inflation rate has been considered while making the projections for cost of sales, operational expenses and salaries. The prices for gas, electricity, operational expenses and staff salaries are increased by 10% every year as a result of inflation. The selling price of gas has been increased by 5% every year. This shows that revenue will increase by less percentage than expenses in the earlier years. High Depreciation Rate: High depreciation rate of different assets will also be a risk for the venture that may ultimately decrease the returns of the venture. http://htmlimg1.scribdassets.com/hqj2a15kb1weukg/images/47-daa535877f/000.png

Cleopatra Essay example -- essays research papers

History is full of reputable individuals. The stories of their lives will forever live in our history books. Whether being remembered for their strength, courage, or honor, or even for their treachery, we remember those who came before us. If one character could stand out in Egyptian history, none other would be so worthy as Cleopatra would. Cleopatra was an intelligent, political, and ambitious woman who changed the history of Egypt. She was only seventeen years old when, by the will of her father, Ptolemy XI, she was forced to inherit and share the throne of Egypt with her twelve year old brother, Ptolemy XII. In accordance to Egyptian law, the two were also married. Disagreement between the two began early in their reign. Julius Caesar, seizing the opportunity to take over Ptolemy's forces during this moment of weakness, soon defeated the young king and befriended Cleopatra. She had wanted the throne to herself, believing that she was "the successor of the pharaohs and like them descended from the sun god Ra. (CAV 166)" Egypt and Cleopatra are terms so closely related they are almost synonymous. However, Cleopatra did not have any Egyptian blood in her; she was purely Greek. Cleopatra would become the last ruler of the Ptolemy dynasty, which was founded by Alexander the Great, a Macedonian general who strived to unite the East and West under one great empire. Cleopatra wish...

The Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride And Prejudice Essays

The Theme of Marriage in Jane Austen's Pride And Prejudice One of the main themes in Pride And Prejudice is marriage. Throughout the novel, the author describes the various types of marriages and reasons behind them. "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. The novel demonstrates how many women need to marry men they are not in love with simply in order to gain financial security. The first instance of marriage seen in the novel is that between Mr and Mrs Bennet. However it is far from perfect, with the couple barely speaking to each other. Mr Bennet's extreme sarcasm that is seen throughout the book makes Mrs Bennet seem incompetent to hold a conversation and indeed at times a relationship. "They are silly and ignorant, like other girls". Austen uses the Bennet's relationship to illustrate at the beginning of the book that clearly many did not marry because of love or connection but merely for social and financial acceptance. The Longbourn estate is an extreme hardship on the Bennet family; it produces a hurdle in Mrs Bennet's goal to get all of her children married. The entailment of Mr Bennet's estate leaves his daughters in a poor financial situation, which both requires them to marry and makes it more difficult for them to marry. It might be correct in assuming that Mrs Bennet felt social and financial pressure to get all of her children married. Her husband's estate was entailed to his nephew, Mr. Collins. Therefore, Mrs. Bennet wanted her daughters to have financial stability elsewhere in case of their father's death. "If you go on refusing eve... .... Austen creates a character that is not special in any particular way but is yet so perfect to fulfil the role of a wife. We see that she is well dressed, educated, and creative. It is these qualities that attract Darcy as well as Elizabeth's apparent unwillingness to actually marry. Ultimately Elizabeth wants to marry for love. She turns down Mr Collins, even though he could have offered her a comfortable position in life and Mr Darcy, even with his fortune of  £10 000 a year. Austen uses different characters and their relationships to represent to the reader different aspects of marriage. Austen wants to create the perfect marriage but in doing this shows the reader that no marriage is perfect. She highlights how money and social status was far more desirable in the 19th century then true love and appreciation.

Fast food restaurant Essay

Introduction Fast food is very common in Hong Kong. We can find at least one fast-food restaurant nearby. McDonald, KFC, Burger King, Triple O’s, Cafe de Carol can be found everywhere in Hong Kong. Fast food means that the food can be prepared and served very quickly. It can save us time and is convenient. [pic][pic][pic] The aim of this report is to investigate fast food culture in Hong Kong nowadays. Firstly, trend of fast food culture in Hong Kong would be given in order to get further understanding of fast food. Secondly, negative impacts of fast food would be discussed. Thirdly, despite the fact that Hong Kong people are more aware of their health, fast food restaurants have emerged. Lastly, comparison between fast food shops and fast-service shops would be mentioned to find out how these two types of shops affect customers’ choice of catering. Mr. Victor Chan, the Managing Director of the Triple O’s, Hong Kong franchise, was interviewed to find out the answer. Current situation [pic]Fig. 1 Top 10 Global Markets for weekly Fast Food. According to the survey from ACNielsen (Refer to figure1), Hong Kong has the highest percentage of eating fast food in the world, with 61 per cent of people eating fast food at least once a week. The survey was conducted in October 2004 over the internet in 28 countries and regions across the Asia-Pacific, Europe and the US. It showed that more and more people are obsessed with fast food. Nine per cent of Hong Kong people visited fast-food restaurants at least once a day; 86 per cent of people visited at least twice a month. In the first nine months of this 2004, Hong Kong people visited fast-food restaurants on average seven times a month and spent $ 160. The survey revealed fast food has become a part of Hong Kong people’s lives. Hong Kong people are in fast pace of life. People have less time to eat and are busy to work. It makes fast food become more and more popular because it is convenient and comfortable. It replaces the position of traditional restaurants and these fast food shops have dominated our society gradually. Negative impacts of traditional fast food There are thousands of fast food shops in Hong Kong. They have totally changed eating habit and daily life of Hong Kong people. Albeit fast food is delicious and tasty, it brings several health problems. Fast food contains lots of fats and high calories. For example, McDonald’s provides a Big Mac, large fries and a large Coca-Cola drink which have 1430 calories. In fact, 2000 calories is the maximum amount a person needs in each day. Big Macs in Hong Kong contains more fat and cholesterol than those in the world. According to nutritional information on the company’s website, each Hong Kong burger weighed 560 calories but 80 calories is more than Australia, 67 calories more than Britain and 60 calories more than the Middle East. Obviously, fast food leads to obesity and diabetes, and increases the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. Apparently, fast food contains high calories and lack in nutrition. Fast food is not proper meal that people can eat every day. Besides this, facing the influence of mass media and the trend in Hong Kong, slim body figures are encouraged. Therefore, Hong Kong people realize the importance of health. They are willing to eat healthy food with low calories and fats. In order to meet the demand of healthy and higher nutritional food from Hong Kong people, fast food shops start to provide healthy food to customers. For example, McDonald’s try to give more choice to customers by providing healthier food, likes fresh salad and low fat yogurt. Fast food culture in Hong Kong has changed. Emergence of Fast-service food shops in Hong Kong Interview with Triple O’s – White Spot Because of the rise in living standard and change in eating habits of Hong Kong customers, traditional fast food shops, such as McDonald’s and KFC, can no longer meet the demands of customers. The emergence of a brand new type of catering choice – fast-service food shops, introduces a new dining experience to Hong Kong customers, thus, bringing a positive and striking impact to the catering industry. One of the most successful fast-service food shops in Hong Kong is Triple O’s – White Spot, which was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1928, best known for its hamburgers In 2003, Triple O’s expanded its business to Hong Kong, setting up the first shop in the Great food hall in the basement of Pacific Place, Admiralty. Until 2010, there are already 5 Triple O’s established throughout Hong Kong, in which the franchises each record more than twice as many sales as the average location in BC. In order to know more about fast-service food shops, an interview has been conducted with the managing director of the Triple O’s, Hong Kong franchise, Mr. Victor Chan. [pic] [pic] Triple O’s – White Spot aims to provide high quality, home-made and healthy fast food and family-friendly services to create a new kind of dining experience to customers. According to Mr. Chan, Triple O’s’ in Hong Kong have to follow strictly the menu and ingredients set by the Canadian headquarters to ensure its high food quality. For instance, unlike traditional fast food shops that only focus in lowering their production cost, Triple O’s’ milkshakes are made of fresh milk and premium ice-cream. Burger beef is from Australia, delivered fresh to Triple O’s in Hong Kong, not frozen. Mr. Chan added that Triple O’s’ menu will not change in order to suit the appetite of Hong Kong customers, therefore resulting in a limited choices of food in their menu compared to other fast food shops. In order to provide freshly made burgers, it usually takes up to 5 to complete a whole meal set. That is why customer-friendly service is provided in Triple O’s. Instead of ‘self-help’ service in traditional fast food shops, waiters will deliver meals to customers in person, offering customers efficient dining services. Besides that, because of the insistence of high quality ingredients, price of food is again higher than that of fast food shops. Yet, it does not affect customer’s choice of catering since they are now enjoying a higher living standard, willing to spend more for the return of good food and nice service. Triple O’s’ success is also a result of change in eating habits and perceptions of Hong Kong customers. The idea of ‘thin is in’ is widely spread by the mass media, people are getting more conscious about their physique and health, leading to the rise of a new kind of eating habit – healthy eating. Believing that traditional fast food shops’ only provision of deep-fried food, customers tend to look for healthy, yet, delicious fast food for substitution. Triple O’s hit the exact demand of customers. ‘Food in Triple O’s is generally low in fat and that no preservatives and artificial flavours are added in. Vegetarian burgers and lots of vegetables are included in every meal set in order for customers to achieve a balance diet,’ said Mr. Chan, ‘healthy cooking methods are also used, such as roasting and grilling of burger beef and chicken stripes with refined olive oil rather than deep-frying. Fries with potato skins are again intended to provide dietary fibre for better digestion of customers. † Customers are free to choose according to their personal preference, having a custom-made burger in any way they want, like whether to add in any dressing in their burgers. Another special feature of Triple O’s is that there is no advertisement about it at all. â€Å"We rather spend our money in purchasing high quality ingredients than wasting them on advertising. We believe that with our food and service, reputation can be build up in no time. Once again, we prove ourselves right! † said Mr. Chan. Marketing is clearly not the major concern of Triple O’s. â€Å"From the fast food shops’ point of view, we (fast-service food shops) have become a huge competitor to the traditional fast-service shops. Like McDonald’s, they are, in fact, following our way in preparing food and provision of service. However, since there is vast difference between us and traditional fast food shops, we don’t treat them as a direct competitor. Our aim is not only to provide fast food to customers, but a new dining experience, which makes us unique in the catering industry. † Mr. Chan concluded by the end of the interview. Comparison between Fast food shops and Fast-service food shops Fast food shops have always been one of the dominating choices of catering. Yet, in recent years, there are a definite increasing number of fast-service food shops in Hong Kong, which result in an intense competition between the two. In the following table, we use the example of McDonald’s (fast food shops) and Triple O’s (fast-service food shops) to show the major differences between fast food shops and fast-service food shops, which affect customers’ choice of catering. [pic] [pic] |Differences |Fast food shops (McDonald’s) |Fast-service food shops (Triple O’s) | |Quality of food |Low |High | |Ingredients used |Use of low quality ingredients to cut off production cost| Strictly follow the Canadian headquarters’ use of high | | |e. g. |quality ingredients e. g. | ||milkshakes – milk, water, and milk |milkshakes – fresh milk and premium | | |powder |ice-cream | | |burger meat – organ meat mixed with |Burger meat – Australian imported, | | |bread crumbs and onion |pure beef | |Method of cooking |Deep-frying |Grilling and Roasting | |Health consciousness |Less |More | | |- lack of vegetables and fruits in the menu |- inclusion of vegetarian food choices | | |- unhealthy cooking method used |- healthier cooking methods used | | Flexibility of ordered food |Standardized food |Immediate, Custom-made e.g. | | |- Burgers are pre-made for purchase, which follow a |- Customers may add in more vegetables in their burgers or | | |uniform standard. |choose not to add any dressings at all. | |Food choices |Wide variety |Limited as it must follow the menu of their headquarters in | | |- Burgers, fries, ice-cream, different types of |Canada | | |fried-food, soft drinks, pies†¦ |- burgers, fries, onion rings, chicken stripes, milkshakes | |Characteristics |Fast, convenient | High quality of food, | | | |brand new type of dining experience | |No.of shops in HK |More |Less | |Cost |Low |High due to the high quality of ingredients used | |Services |Less |More | | |- provides only ordering services in the cashier |- provides not only ordering and packing up services, but | | | |also delivery of meals to customers like restaurants | |Advertisements |More |None | | |- wide coverage via the mass media (e. g. TV ads, the |- building up reputation by customers’ word of mouth | | |Internet, newspaper) |- money used in quality ingredients rather than in | | | |advertisements | From the above comparison, we can see that fast-service food shops introduces a brand new kind of catering experience to Hong Kong by providing high quality of food and efficient, customer-friendly services. As customers are being more health conscious, fast-service food shops seem to have hit the market, drawing enormous attention from customers of other types of catering choices, especially those of fast-food shops. Customers also enjoyed the idea of ‘immediate and custom-made’. Customers are able to order in according with their preferences. Burgers are freshly made with A-grade ingredients immediately upon order, which freshness of food can be completely guaranteed. Together with the efficient and friendly service provided, fast-service food shops seem to fulfill and satisfy the demands of picky customers. The success of a few fast-service shops in Hong Kong is inevitably bringing in a competitor to traditional fast-food shops. Conclusion In the past two decades, Hong Kong has inevitably been an international city under the great influence of fast food culture. As the only demand for food is efficiency, the mere provision of fast and convenient food could already satisfy the demands of most customers. Yet, with the improvement in economic level, living standard and change in eating habits of customers, fast food shop could no longer provide them with what they want. Customers are more willing to enjoy quality and healthy food and nice service when dining, thereby, leading to the introduction of fast-service food shops to Hong Kong. Fast-service food shops bring in huge impacts and brand new ideas to the fast food world. Not only efficiency, quality of food, provision of service and health consciousness should be brought into considerations in order to fulfill the demands of customers. The emergence of fast-service food shops provides a new choice of catering for customers, which leads to intense competition between fast food shops and them. Competition between the two definitely brings positive impacts to the catering industry. Traditional fast food shops seem to realize their shortcomings and need of change, now even McDonald’s follow the way of fast-service food shops by providing immediate-made burgers instead of pre-made ones. Because of the vast difference between fast food shops and fast-service food shops, it is difficult to determine at this stage that which one of them can dominate the fast food industry. The only thing for sure is that customers are, always and forever, the winner in this match, having to enjoy the great food! Reference OWikipedia OOfficial homepage of Triple O’s Hong Kong OSouth China Morning Post OHong Kong Yahoo OACNielsen OHKUSPACE [pic] [pic] [pic] Vocabulary Sheet – Fast Food Culture |Word (parts of speech) |Meaning | |Dietician (n) |a person who is an expert in nutrition or dietetics | |Fast-food addict (n) |a person who is addicted to fast-food | |Americanization (n) |assimilate to the customs and institutions of the U. S. | |Delicacies (n) |something delightful or pleasing, esp. a choice food considered | | |with regard to its rarity, costliness | |Sedentary (adj) |characterized by or requiring a sitting posture | |Coronary (adj) |of or pertaining to the human heart, with respect to health | |Superficial (adj) |shallow; not profound or thorough | |Standardize (v) |to bring to or make of an established standard size, weight, | | |quality, strength | |Unpalatable (adj) |not palatable; unpleasant to the taste | |Franchise (n) |the right or license granted by a company to an individual or group| | |to market its products or services in a specific territory | |Variant (adj) |tending to change or alter; exhibiting variety or diversity | | Proliferate (v) |to increase in number or spread rapidly and often excessively | |prominent (adj) |standing out so as to be seen easily; conspicuous; particularly | | |noticeable | |Prevalent (n) |widespread; of wide extent or occurrence; in general use or | | |acceptance | |Ubiquity (n) |the state or capacity of being everywhere, esp. at the same time | |Detrimental (adj) |causing detriment; damaging; harmful | |Umpteen (adj) |innumerable; many | |Flavor-enhancing (adj) |enhancing the flavor of food | |Paramount (adj) |chief in importance or impact; supreme; preeminent | |Consumer-friendliness (n) |products of non-harmful elements to consumers |